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161 lines
4.7 KiB
161 lines
4.7 KiB
/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.cs
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* Created Time: 2022-12-23
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* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree;
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class BinarySearchTree {
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TreeNode? root;
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public BinarySearchTree() {
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// 初始化空樹
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root = null;
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}
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/* 獲取二元樹根節點 */
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public TreeNode? GetRoot() {
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return root;
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}
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/* 查詢節點 */
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public TreeNode? Search(int num) {
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TreeNode? cur = root;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur.val < num) cur =
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cur.right;
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// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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else if (cur.val > num)
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cur = cur.left;
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// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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else
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break;
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}
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// 返回目標節點
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return cur;
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}
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/* 插入節點 */
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public void Insert(int num) {
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// 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
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if (root == null) {
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root = new TreeNode(num);
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return;
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}
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TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到重複節點,直接返回
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if (cur.val == num)
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return;
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pre = cur;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur.val < num)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
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else
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cur = cur.left;
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}
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// 插入節點
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TreeNode node = new(num);
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if (pre != null) {
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if (pre.val < num)
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pre.right = node;
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else
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pre.left = node;
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}
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}
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/* 刪除節點 */
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public void Remove(int num) {
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// 若樹為空,直接提前返回
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if (root == null)
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return;
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TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
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if (cur.val == num)
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break;
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pre = cur;
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur.val < num)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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else
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cur = cur.left;
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}
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// 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
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if (cur == null)
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return;
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// 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
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if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {
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// 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = null / 該子節點
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TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;
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// 刪除節點 cur
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if (cur != root) {
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if (pre!.left == cur)
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pre.left = child;
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else
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pre.right = child;
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} else {
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// 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
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root = child;
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}
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}
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// 子節點數量 = 2
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else {
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// 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
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TreeNode? tmp = cur.right;
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while (tmp.left != null) {
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tmp = tmp.left;
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}
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// 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
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Remove(tmp.val!.Value);
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// 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
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cur.val = tmp.val;
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}
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}
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}
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public class binary_search_tree {
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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/* 初始化二元搜尋樹 */
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BinarySearchTree bst = new();
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// 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
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int[] nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15];
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foreach (int num in nums) {
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bst.Insert(num);
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}
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Console.WriteLine("\n初始化的二元樹為\n");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.GetRoot());
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/* 查詢節點 */
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TreeNode? node = bst.Search(7);
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Console.WriteLine("\n查詢到的節點物件為 " + node + ",節點值 = " + node?.val);
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/* 插入節點 */
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bst.Insert(16);
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Console.WriteLine("\n插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.GetRoot());
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/* 刪除節點 */
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bst.Remove(1);
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Console.WriteLine("\n刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.GetRoot());
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bst.Remove(2);
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Console.WriteLine("\n刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.GetRoot());
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bst.Remove(4);
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Console.WriteLine("\n刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.GetRoot());
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}
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}
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