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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.java

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/**
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.java
* Created Time: 2023-06-13
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_hashing;
/* 開放定址雜湊表 */
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
private int size; // 鍵值對數量
private int capacity = 4; // 雜湊表容量
private final double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
private final int extendRatio = 2; // 擴容倍數
private Pair[] buckets; // 桶陣列
private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 刪除標記
/* 建構子 */
public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
size = 0;
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
}
/* 雜湊函式 */
private int hashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 負載因子 */
private double loadFactor() {
return (double) size / capacity;
}
/* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */
private int findBucket(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
int firstTombstone = -1;
// 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
while (buckets[index] != null) {
// 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
if (buckets[index].key == key) {
// 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
return firstTombstone; // 返回移動後的桶索引
}
return index; // 返回桶索引
}
// 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
firstTombstone = index;
}
// 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
index = (index + 1) % capacity;
}
// 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
}
/* 查詢操作 */
public String get(int key) {
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
return buckets[index].val;
}
// 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null
return null;
}
/* 新增操作 */
public void put(int key, String val) {
// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index].val = val;
return;
}
// 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
size++;
}
/* 刪除操作 */
public void remove(int key) {
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
size--;
}
}
/* 擴容雜湊表 */
private void extend() {
// 暫存原雜湊表
Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
size = 0;
// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {
if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
put(pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
}
/* 列印雜湊表 */
public void print() {
for (Pair pair : buckets) {
if (pair == null) {
System.out.println("null");
} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
System.out.println("TOMBSTONE");
} else {
System.out.println(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
}
}
}
}
public class hash_map_open_addressing {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 初始化雜湊表
HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap = new HashMapOpenAddressing();
// 新增操作
// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, val)
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈");
hashmap.put(15937, "小囉");
hashmap.put(16750, "小算");
hashmap.put(13276, "小法");
hashmap.put(10583, "小鴨");
System.out.println("\n新增完成後雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
// 查詢操作
// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 val
String name = hashmap.get(13276);
System.out.println("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 " + name);
// 刪除操作
// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, val)
hashmap.remove(16750);
System.out.println("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
}
}