You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
162 lines
3.6 KiB
162 lines
3.6 KiB
=begin
|
|
File: binary_search_tree.rb
|
|
Created Time: 2024-04-18
|
|
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
|
|
=end
|
|
|
|
require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
|
|
require_relative '../utils/print_util'
|
|
|
|
### 二元搜尋樹 ###
|
|
class BinarySearchTree
|
|
### 建構子 ###
|
|
def initialize
|
|
# 初始化空樹
|
|
@root = nil
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 獲取二元樹根節點 ###
|
|
def get_root
|
|
@root
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 查詢節點 ###
|
|
def search(num)
|
|
cur = @root
|
|
|
|
# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
|
|
while !cur.nil?
|
|
# 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
|
|
if cur.val < num
|
|
cur = cur.right
|
|
# 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
|
|
elsif cur.val > num
|
|
cur = cur.left
|
|
# 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
|
|
else
|
|
break
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
cur
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 插入節點 ###
|
|
def insert(num)
|
|
# 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
|
|
if @root.nil?
|
|
@root = TreeNode.new(num)
|
|
return
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
|
|
cur, pre = @root, nil
|
|
while !cur.nil?
|
|
# 找到重複節點,直接返回
|
|
return if cur.val == num
|
|
|
|
pre = cur
|
|
# 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
|
|
if cur.val < num
|
|
cur = cur.right
|
|
# 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
|
|
else
|
|
cur = cur.left
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# 插入節點
|
|
node = TreeNode.new(num)
|
|
if pre.val < num
|
|
pre.right = node
|
|
else
|
|
pre.left = node
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 刪除節點 ###
|
|
def remove(num)
|
|
# 若樹為空,直接提前返回
|
|
return if @root.nil?
|
|
|
|
# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
|
|
cur, pre = @root, nil
|
|
while !cur.nil?
|
|
# 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
|
|
break if cur.val == num
|
|
|
|
pre = cur
|
|
# 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
|
|
if cur.val < num
|
|
cur = cur.right
|
|
# 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
|
|
else
|
|
cur = cur.left
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
# 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
|
|
return if cur.nil?
|
|
|
|
# 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
|
|
if cur.left.nil? || cur.right.nil?
|
|
# 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = null / 該子節點
|
|
child = cur.left || cur.right
|
|
# 刪除節點 cur
|
|
if cur != @root
|
|
if pre.left == cur
|
|
pre.left = child
|
|
else
|
|
pre.right = child
|
|
end
|
|
else
|
|
# 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
|
|
@root = child
|
|
end
|
|
# 子節點數量 = 2
|
|
else
|
|
# 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
|
|
tmp = cur.right
|
|
while !tmp.left.nil?
|
|
tmp = tmp.left
|
|
end
|
|
# 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
|
|
remove(tmp.val)
|
|
# 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
|
|
cur.val = tmp.val
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### Driver Code ###
|
|
if __FILE__ == $0
|
|
# 初始化二元搜尋樹
|
|
bst = BinarySearchTree.new
|
|
nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]
|
|
# 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
|
|
nums.each { |num| bst.insert(num) }
|
|
puts "\n初始化的二元樹為\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
# 查詢節點
|
|
node = bst.search(7)
|
|
puts "\n查詢到的節點物件為: #{node},節點值 = #{node.val}"
|
|
|
|
# 插入節點
|
|
bst.insert(16)
|
|
puts "\n插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
# 刪除節點
|
|
bst.remove(1)
|
|
puts "\n刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
bst.remove(2)
|
|
puts "\n刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
bst.remove(4)
|
|
puts "\n刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
end
|