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hello-algo/codes/dart/chapter_computational_compl.../recursion.dart

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/**
* File: recursion.dart
* Created Time: 2023-08-27
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
*/
/* 递归 */
int recur(int n) {
// 终止条件
if (n == 1) return 1;
// 递:递归调用
int res = recur(n - 1);
// 归:返回结果
return n + res;
}
/* 使用迭代模拟递归 */
int forLoopRecur(int n) {
// 使用一个显式的栈来模拟系统调用栈
List<int> stack = [];
int res = 0;
// 递:递归调用
for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
// 通过“入栈操作”模拟“递”
stack.add(i);
}
// 归:返回结果
while (!stack.isEmpty) {
// 通过“出栈操作”模拟“归”
res += stack.removeLast();
}
// res = 1+2+3+...+n
return res;
}
/* 尾递归 */
int tailRecur(int n, int res) {
// 终止条件
if (n == 0) return res;
// 尾递归调用
return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);
}
/* 斐波那契数列:递归 */
int fib(int n) {
// 终止条件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n - 1;
// 递归调用 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
// 返回结果 f(n)
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
void main() {
int n = 5;
int res;
res = recur(n);
print("\n递归函数的求和结果 res = $res");
res = tailRecur(n, 0);
print("\n尾递归函数的求和结果 res = $res");
res = forLoopRecur(n);
print("\n使用迭代模拟递归求和结果 res = $res");
res = fib(n);
print("\n斐波那契数列的第 $n 项为 $res");
}