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hello-algo/codes/java/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_ii.java

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/**
* File: subset_sum_ii.java
* Created Time: 2023-06-21
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_backtracking;
import java.util.*;
public class subset_sum_ii {
/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
if (target == 0) {
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
return;
}
// 遍历所有选择
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
break;
}
// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
state.add(choices[i]);
// 进行下一轮选择
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
}
}
/* 求解子集和 II */
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 状态(子集)
Arrays.sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序
int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 };
int target = 9;
List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
System.out.println("输入数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
System.out.println("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
}
}