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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 2 章 複雜度分析
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 2 章 複雜度分析
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.1 演算法效率評估
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</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.2 迭代與遞迴
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.3 時間複雜度
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.4 空間複雜度
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.5 小結
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 3 章 資料結構
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 3 章 資料結構
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.1 資料結構分類
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.2 基本資料型別
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.3 數字編碼 *
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.4 字元編碼 *
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 4 章 陣列與鏈結串列
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 4 章 陣列與鏈結串列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.1 陣列
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.2 鏈結串列
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.3 串列
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.4 記憶體與快取 *
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</span>
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近新增">
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 5 章 堆疊與佇列
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 5 章 堆疊與佇列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.1 堆疊
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.2 佇列
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.3 雙向佇列
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" checked>
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 6 章 雜湊表
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 6 章 雜湊表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.1 雜湊表
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.2 雜湊衝突
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3 雜湊演算法
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3 雜湊演算法
|
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目錄">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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目錄
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#631" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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6.3.1 雜湊演算法的目標
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#632" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
6.3.2 雜湊演算法的設計
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#633" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3.3 常見雜湊演算法
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|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#634" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
6.3.4 資料結構的雜湊值
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 7 章 樹
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 7 章 樹
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.1 二元樹
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.2 二元樹走訪
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.3 二元樹陣列表示
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.4 二元搜尋樹
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.5 AVL *
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.6 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 8 章 堆積
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 8 章 堆積
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.1 堆積
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.2 建堆積操作
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.3 Top-k 問題
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 9 章 圖
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 9 章 圖
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.1 圖
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.2 圖基礎操作
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.3 圖的走訪
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 10 章 搜尋
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 10 章 搜尋
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</label>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.1 二分搜尋
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.2 二分搜尋插入點
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.3 二分搜尋邊界
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.4 雜湊最佳化策略
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</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.5 重識搜尋演算法
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</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.6 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</ul>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 11 章 排序
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 11 章 排序
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.1 排序演算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.2 選擇排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.3 泡沫排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.4 插入排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.5 快速排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.6 合併排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.7 堆積排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8 桶排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.9 計數排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.10 基數排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.11 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 12 章 分治
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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第 12 章 分治
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.1 分治演算法
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.2 分治搜尋策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.3 構建樹問題
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.4 河內塔問題
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 13 章 回溯
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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第 13 章 回溯
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.1 回溯演算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.2 全排列問題
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.3 子集和問題
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.4 N 皇后問題
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.5 小結
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 14 章 動態規劃
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 14 章 動態規劃
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.1 初探動態規劃
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.2 DP 問題特性
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.3 DP 解題思路
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.4 0-1 背包問題
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.5 完全背包問題
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.6 編輯距離問題
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.7 小結
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 15 章 貪婪
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 15 章 貪婪
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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15.1 貪婪演算法
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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15.2 分數背包問題
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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15.3 最大容量問題
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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15.4 最大切分乘積問題
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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15.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 16 章 附錄
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</span>
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</a>
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第 16 章 附錄
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16.1 程式設計環境安裝
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</span>
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</a>
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<h1 id="63">6.3 雜湊演算法<a class="headerlink" href="#63" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>前兩節介紹了雜湊表的工作原理和雜湊衝突的處理方法。然而無論是開放定址還是鏈式位址，<strong>它們只能保證雜湊表可以在發生衝突時正常工作，而無法減少雜湊衝突的發生</strong>。</p>
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<p>如果雜湊衝突過於頻繁，雜湊表的效能則會急劇劣化。如圖 6-8 所示，對於鏈式位址雜湊表，理想情況下鍵值對均勻分佈在各個桶中，達到最佳查詢效率；最差情況下所有鍵值對都儲存到同一個桶中，時間複雜度退化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../hash_algorithm.assets/hash_collision_best_worst_condition.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="雜湊衝突的最佳情況與最差情況" class="animation-figure" src="../hash_algorithm.assets/hash_collision_best_worst_condition.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 圖 6-8 雜湊衝突的最佳情況與最差情況 </p>
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<p><strong>鍵值對的分佈情況由雜湊函式決定</strong>。回憶雜湊函式的計算步驟，先計算雜湊值，再對陣列長度取模：</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="nv">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>hash<span class="o">(</span>key<span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span>%<span class="w"> </span>capacity
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>觀察以上公式，當雜湊表容量 <code>capacity</code> 固定時，<strong>雜湊演算法 <code>hash()</code> 決定了輸出值</strong>，進而決定了鍵值對在雜湊表中的分佈情況。</p>
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<p>這意味著，為了降低雜湊衝突的發生機率，我們應當將注意力集中在雜湊演算法 <code>hash()</code> 的設計上。</p>
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<h2 id="631">6.3.1 雜湊演算法的目標<a class="headerlink" href="#631" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>為了實現“既快又穩”的雜湊表資料結構，雜湊演算法應具備以下特點。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>確定性</strong>：對於相同的輸入，雜湊演算法應始終產生相同的輸出。這樣才能確保雜湊表是可靠的。</li>
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<li><strong>效率高</strong>：計算雜湊值的過程應該足夠快。計算開銷越小，雜湊表的實用性越高。</li>
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<li><strong>均勻分佈</strong>：雜湊演算法應使得鍵值對均勻分佈在雜湊表中。分佈越均勻，雜湊衝突的機率就越低。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>實際上，雜湊演算法除了可以用於實現雜湊表，還廣泛應用於其他領域中。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>密碼儲存</strong>：為了保護使用者密碼的安全，系統通常不會直接儲存使用者的明文密碼，而是儲存密碼的雜湊值。當用戶輸入密碼時，系統會對輸入的密碼計算雜湊值，然後與儲存的雜湊值進行比較。如果兩者匹配，那麼密碼就被視為正確。</li>
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<li><strong>資料完整性檢查</strong>：資料傳送方可以計算資料的雜湊值並將其一同傳送；接收方可以重新計算接收到的資料的雜湊值，並與接收到的雜湊值進行比較。如果兩者匹配，那麼資料就被視為完整。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>對於密碼學的相關應用，為了防止從雜湊值推導出原始密碼等逆向工程，雜湊演算法需要具備更高等級的安全特性。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>單向性</strong>：無法透過雜湊值反推出關於輸入資料的任何資訊。</li>
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<li><strong>抗碰撞性</strong>：應當極難找到兩個不同的輸入，使得它們的雜湊值相同。</li>
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<li><strong>雪崩效應</strong>：輸入的微小變化應當導致輸出的顯著且不可預測的變化。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>請注意，<strong>“均勻分佈”與“抗碰撞性”是兩個獨立的概念</strong>，滿足均勻分佈不一定滿足抗碰撞性。例如，在隨機輸入 <code>key</code> 下，雜湊函式 <code>key % 100</code> 可以產生均勻分佈的輸出。然而該雜湊演算法過於簡單，所有後兩位相等的 <code>key</code> 的輸出都相同，因此我們可以很容易地從雜湊值反推出可用的 <code>key</code> ，從而破解密碼。</p>
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<h2 id="632">6.3.2 雜湊演算法的設計<a class="headerlink" href="#632" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>雜湊演算法的設計是一個需要考慮許多因素的複雜問題。然而對於某些要求不高的場景，我們也能設計一些簡單的雜湊演算法。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>加法雜湊</strong>：對輸入的每個字元的 ASCII 碼進行相加，將得到的總和作為雜湊值。</li>
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<li><strong>乘法雜湊</strong>：利用乘法的不相關性，每輪乘以一個常數，將各個字元的 ASCII 碼累積到雜湊值中。</li>
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<li><strong>互斥或雜湊</strong>：將輸入資料的每個元素透過互斥或操作累積到一個雜湊值中。</li>
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<li><strong>旋轉雜湊</strong>：將每個字元的 ASCII 碼累積到一個雜湊值中，每次累積之前都會對雜湊值進行旋轉操作。</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">add_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""加法雜湊"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">mul_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""乘法雜湊"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">xor_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""互斥或雜湊"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">^=</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rot_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""旋轉雜湊"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">>></span> <span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-33" name="__codelineno-2-33" href="#__codelineno-2-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-35" name="__codelineno-2-35" href="#__codelineno-2-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-36" name="__codelineno-2-36" href="#__codelineno-2-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-37" name="__codelineno-2-37" href="#__codelineno-2-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-38" name="__codelineno-2-38" href="#__codelineno-2-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-39" name="__codelineno-2-39" href="#__codelineno-2-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-3-32" name="__codelineno-3-32" href="#__codelineno-3-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-33" name="__codelineno-3-33" href="#__codelineno-3-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-34" name="__codelineno-3-34" href="#__codelineno-3-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-35" name="__codelineno-3-35" href="#__codelineno-3-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-36" name="__codelineno-3-36" href="#__codelineno-3-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-37" name="__codelineno-3-37" href="#__codelineno-3-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-38" name="__codelineno-3-38" href="#__codelineno-3-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-39" name="__codelineno-3-39" href="#__codelineno-3-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
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|
</div>
|
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">AddHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">MulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">XorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">RotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-30" name="__codelineno-5-30" href="#__codelineno-5-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-31" name="__codelineno-5-31" href="#__codelineno-5-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-32" name="__codelineno-5-32" href="#__codelineno-5-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-33" name="__codelineno-5-33" href="#__codelineno-5-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-34" name="__codelineno-5-34" href="#__codelineno-5-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-5-35" name="__codelineno-5-35" href="#__codelineno-5-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-5-36" name="__codelineno-5-36" href="#__codelineno-5-36"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-5-37" name="__codelineno-5-37" href="#__codelineno-5-37"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-38" name="__codelineno-5-38" href="#__codelineno-5-38"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-39" name="__codelineno-5-39" href="#__codelineno-5-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-5-40" name="__codelineno-5-40" href="#__codelineno-5-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-41" name="__codelineno-5-41" href="#__codelineno-5-41"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-5-42" name="__codelineno-5-42" href="#__codelineno-5-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-5-43" name="__codelineno-5-43" href="#__codelineno-5-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-5-44" name="__codelineno-5-44" href="#__codelineno-5-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-5-45" name="__codelineno-5-45" href="#__codelineno-5-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-46" name="__codelineno-5-46" href="#__codelineno-5-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-5-47" name="__codelineno-5-47" href="#__codelineno-5-47"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-29" name="__codelineno-6-29" href="#__codelineno-6-29"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-30" name="__codelineno-6-30" href="#__codelineno-6-30"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-31" name="__codelineno-6-31" href="#__codelineno-6-31"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">^=</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-32" name="__codelineno-6-32" href="#__codelineno-6-32"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-33" name="__codelineno-6-33" href="#__codelineno-6-33"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-34" name="__codelineno-6-34" href="#__codelineno-6-34"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-35" name="__codelineno-6-35" href="#__codelineno-6-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-36" name="__codelineno-6-36" href="#__codelineno-6-36"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-37" name="__codelineno-6-37" href="#__codelineno-6-37"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-38" name="__codelineno-6-38" href="#__codelineno-6-38"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-39" name="__codelineno-6-39" href="#__codelineno-6-39"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-40" name="__codelineno-6-40" href="#__codelineno-6-40"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-41" name="__codelineno-6-41" href="#__codelineno-6-41"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-42" name="__codelineno-6-42" href="#__codelineno-6-42"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-43" name="__codelineno-6-43" href="#__codelineno-6-43"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">>></span> <span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-44" name="__codelineno-6-44" href="#__codelineno-6-44"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-45" name="__codelineno-6-45" href="#__codelineno-6-45"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-46" name="__codelineno-6-46" href="#__codelineno-6-46"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-47" name="__codelineno-6-47" href="#__codelineno-6-47"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-34" name="__codelineno-7-34" href="#__codelineno-7-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-35" name="__codelineno-7-35" href="#__codelineno-7-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-36" name="__codelineno-7-36" href="#__codelineno-7-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-37" name="__codelineno-7-37" href="#__codelineno-7-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-38" name="__codelineno-7-38" href="#__codelineno-7-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-39" name="__codelineno-7-39" href="#__codelineno-7-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-8-36" name="__codelineno-8-36" href="#__codelineno-8-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-37" name="__codelineno-8-37" href="#__codelineno-8-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-38" name="__codelineno-8-38" href="#__codelineno-8-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-39" name="__codelineno-8-39" href="#__codelineno-8-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">add_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">mul_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">xor_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-30" name="__codelineno-10-30" href="#__codelineno-10-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-31" name="__codelineno-10-31" href="#__codelineno-10-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-32" name="__codelineno-10-32" href="#__codelineno-10-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-33" name="__codelineno-10-33" href="#__codelineno-10-33"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-34" name="__codelineno-10-34" href="#__codelineno-10-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-35" name="__codelineno-10-35" href="#__codelineno-10-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-36" name="__codelineno-10-36" href="#__codelineno-10-36"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-37" name="__codelineno-10-37" href="#__codelineno-10-37"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-38" name="__codelineno-10-38" href="#__codelineno-10-38"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">rot_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-39" name="__codelineno-10-39" href="#__codelineno-10-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-40" name="__codelineno-10-40" href="#__codelineno-10-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-41" name="__codelineno-10-41" href="#__codelineno-10-41"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-42" name="__codelineno-10-42" href="#__codelineno-10-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-43" name="__codelineno-10-43" href="#__codelineno-10-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-44" name="__codelineno-10-44" href="#__codelineno-10-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-45" name="__codelineno-10-45" href="#__codelineno-10-45"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-46" name="__codelineno-10-46" href="#__codelineno-10-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-47" name="__codelineno-10-47" href="#__codelineno-10-47"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-36" name="__codelineno-11-36" href="#__codelineno-11-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-37" name="__codelineno-11-37" href="#__codelineno-11-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-38" name="__codelineno-11-38" href="#__codelineno-11-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-39" name="__codelineno-11-39" href="#__codelineno-11-39"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-40" name="__codelineno-11-40" href="#__codelineno-11-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-41" name="__codelineno-11-41" href="#__codelineno-11-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0L</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">code</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toInt</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0L</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">code</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toInt</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 互斥或雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-24" name="__codelineno-12-24" href="#__codelineno-12-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-25" name="__codelineno-12-25" href="#__codelineno-12-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-26" name="__codelineno-12-26" href="#__codelineno-12-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">code</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-27" name="__codelineno-12-27" href="#__codelineno-12-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-28" name="__codelineno-12-28" href="#__codelineno-12-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-29" name="__codelineno-12-29" href="#__codelineno-12-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-12-30" name="__codelineno-12-30" href="#__codelineno-12-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-31" name="__codelineno-12-31" href="#__codelineno-12-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-32" name="__codelineno-12-32" href="#__codelineno-12-32"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-33" name="__codelineno-12-33" href="#__codelineno-12-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0L</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-34" name="__codelineno-12-34" href="#__codelineno-12-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-35" name="__codelineno-12-35" href="#__codelineno-12-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-36" name="__codelineno-12-36" href="#__codelineno-12-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">code</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toLong</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-37" name="__codelineno-12-37" href="#__codelineno-12-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-12-38" name="__codelineno-12-38" href="#__codelineno-12-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toInt</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-12-39" name="__codelineno-12-39" href="#__codelineno-12-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="c1">### 加法雜湊 ###</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each_char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ord</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="k">end</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a><span class="c1">### 乘法雜湊 ###</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mul_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each_char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ord</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a><span class="k">end</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a><span class="c1">### 互斥或雜湊 ###</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xor_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-24" name="__codelineno-13-24" href="#__codelineno-13-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-25" name="__codelineno-13-25" href="#__codelineno-13-25"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-26" name="__codelineno-13-26" href="#__codelineno-13-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each_char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ord</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-27" name="__codelineno-13-27" href="#__codelineno-13-27"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-28" name="__codelineno-13-28" href="#__codelineno-13-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-29" name="__codelineno-13-29" href="#__codelineno-13-29"></a><span class="k">end</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-30" name="__codelineno-13-30" href="#__codelineno-13-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-31" name="__codelineno-13-31" href="#__codelineno-13-31"></a><span class="c1">### 旋轉雜湊 ###</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-32" name="__codelineno-13-32" href="#__codelineno-13-32"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rot_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-33" name="__codelineno-13-33" href="#__codelineno-13-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-34" name="__codelineno-13-34" href="#__codelineno-13-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-35" name="__codelineno-13-35" href="#__codelineno-13-35"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-36" name="__codelineno-13-36" href="#__codelineno-13-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each_char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ord</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-37" name="__codelineno-13-37" href="#__codelineno-13-37"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-38" name="__codelineno-13-38" href="#__codelineno-13-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-39" name="__codelineno-13-39" href="#__codelineno-13-39"></a><span class="k">end</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">addHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">mulHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">xorHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">rotHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<details class="pythontutor">
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<summary>視覺化執行</summary>
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<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20add_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%2B%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20mul_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%2031%20%2A%20hash%20%2B%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20xor_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E4%BA%92%E6%96%A5%E6%88%96%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%5E%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20rot_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20%28hash%20%3C%3C%204%29%20%5E%20%28hash%20%3E%3E%2028%29%20%5E%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20key%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20add_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20mul_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20xor_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%BA%92%E6%96%A5%E6%88%96%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20rot_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20add_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%2B%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20mul_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%2031%20%2A%20hash%20%2B%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20xor_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E4%BA%92%E6%96%A5%E6%88%96%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%5E%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20rot_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20%28hash%20%3C%3C%204%29%20%5E%20%28hash%20%3E%3E%2028%29%20%5E%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20key%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20add_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20mul_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20xor_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%BA%92%E6%96%A5%E6%88%96%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20rot_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全螢幕觀看 ></a></div></p>
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</details>
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<p>觀察發現，每種雜湊演算法的最後一步都是對大質數 <span class="arithmatex">\(1000000007\)</span> 取模，以確保雜湊值在合適的範圍內。值得思考的是，為什麼要強調對質數取模，或者說對合數取模的弊端是什麼？這是一個有趣的問題。</p>
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<p>先丟擲結論：<strong>使用大質數作為模數，可以最大化地保證雜湊值的均勻分佈</strong>。因為質數不與其他數字存在公約數，可以減少因取模操作而產生的週期性模式，從而避免雜湊衝突。</p>
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<p>舉個例子，假設我們選擇合數 <span class="arithmatex">\(9\)</span> 作為模數，它可以被 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 整除，那麼所有可以被 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 整除的 <code>key</code> 都會被對映到 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span>、<span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span>、<span class="arithmatex">\(6\)</span> 這三個雜湊值。</p>
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<div class="arithmatex">\[
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\begin{aligned}
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\text{modulus} & = 9 \newline
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\text{key} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \dots \} \newline
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\text{hash} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\dots \}
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\end{aligned}
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\]</div>
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<p>如果輸入 <code>key</code> 恰好滿足這種等差數列的資料分佈，那麼雜湊值就會出現聚堆積，從而加重雜湊衝突。現在，假設將 <code>modulus</code> 替換為質數 <span class="arithmatex">\(13\)</span> ，由於 <code>key</code> 和 <code>modulus</code> 之間不存在公約數，因此輸出的雜湊值的均勻性會明顯提升。</p>
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<div class="arithmatex">\[
|
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\begin{aligned}
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\text{modulus} & = 13 \newline
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\text{key} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \dots \} \newline
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\text{hash} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \dots \}
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\end{aligned}
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\]</div>
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<p>值得說明的是，如果能夠保證 <code>key</code> 是隨機均勻分佈的，那麼選擇質數或者合數作為模數都可以，它們都能輸出均勻分佈的雜湊值。而當 <code>key</code> 的分佈存在某種週期性時，對合數取模更容易出現聚集現象。</p>
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<p>總而言之，我們通常選取質數作為模數，並且這個質數最好足夠大，以儘可能消除週期性模式，提升雜湊演算法的穩健性。</p>
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<h2 id="633">6.3.3 常見雜湊演算法<a class="headerlink" href="#633" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>不難發現，以上介紹的簡單雜湊演算法都比較“脆弱”，遠遠沒有達到雜湊演算法的設計目標。例如，由於加法和互斥或滿足交換律，因此加法雜湊和互斥或雜湊無法區分內容相同但順序不同的字串，這可能會加劇雜湊衝突，並引起一些安全問題。</p>
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<p>在實際中，我們通常會用一些標準雜湊演算法，例如 MD5、SHA-1、SHA-2 和 SHA-3 等。它們可以將任意長度的輸入資料對映到恆定長度的雜湊值。</p>
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<p>近一個世紀以來，雜湊演算法處在不斷升級與最佳化的過程中。一部分研究人員努力提升雜湊演算法的效能，另一部分研究人員和駭客則致力於尋找雜湊演算法的安全性問題。表 6-2 展示了在實際應用中常見的雜湊演算法。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>MD5 和 SHA-1 已多次被成功攻擊，因此它們被各類安全應用棄用。</li>
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<li>SHA-2 系列中的 SHA-256 是最安全的雜湊演算法之一，仍未出現成功的攻擊案例，因此常用在各類安全應用與協議中。</li>
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<li>SHA-3 相較 SHA-2 的實現開銷更低、計算效率更高，但目前使用覆蓋度不如 SHA-2 系列。</li>
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</ul>
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<p align="center"> 表 6-2 常見的雜湊演算法 </p>
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<div class="center-table">
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th></th>
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<th>MD5</th>
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<th>SHA-1</th>
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<th>SHA-2</th>
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<th>SHA-3</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>推出時間</td>
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<td>1992</td>
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<td>1995</td>
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<td>2002</td>
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<td>2008</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>輸出長度</td>
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<td>128 bit</td>
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<td>160 bit</td>
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<td>256/512 bit</td>
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<td>224/256/384/512 bit</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>雜湊衝突</td>
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<td>較多</td>
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<td>較多</td>
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<td>很少</td>
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<td>很少</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>安全等級</td>
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<td>低，已被成功攻擊</td>
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<td>低，已被成功攻擊</td>
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<td>高</td>
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<td>高</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>應用</td>
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<td>已被棄用，仍用於資料完整性檢查</td>
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<td>已被棄用</td>
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<td>加密貨幣交易驗證、數字簽名等</td>
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<td>可用於替代 SHA-2</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="634">6.3.4 資料結構的雜湊值<a class="headerlink" href="#634" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>我們知道，雜湊表的 <code>key</code> 可以是整數、小數或字串等資料型別。程式語言通常會為這些資料型別提供內建的雜湊演算法，用於計算雜湊表中的桶索引。以 Python 為例，我們可以呼叫 <code>hash()</code> 函式來計算各種資料型別的雜湊值。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>整數和布林量的雜湊值就是其本身。</li>
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<li>浮點數和字串的雜湊值計算較為複雜，有興趣的讀者請自行學習。</li>
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<li>元組的雜湊值是對其中每一個元素進行雜湊，然後將這些雜湊值組合起來，得到單一的雜湊值。</li>
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<li>物件的雜湊值基於其記憶體位址生成。透過重寫物件的雜湊方法，可實現基於內容生成雜湊值。</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="admonition tip">
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<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
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<p>請注意，不同程式語言的內建雜湊值計算函式的定義和方法不同。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="n">hash_num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="c1"># 整數 3 的雜湊值為 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="n">bol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="n">hash_bol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="c1"># 布林量 True 的雜湊值為 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="n">dec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">3.14159</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="n">hash_dec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="c1"># 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 326484311674566659</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Hello 演算法"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="n">hash_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15" href="#__codelineno-15-15"></a><span class="c1"># 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 4617003410720528961</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16" href="#__codelineno-15-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-17" name="__codelineno-15-17" href="#__codelineno-15-17"></a><span class="n">tup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"小哈"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-18" name="__codelineno-15-18" href="#__codelineno-15-18"></a><span class="n">hash_tup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tup</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-19" name="__codelineno-15-19" href="#__codelineno-15-19"></a><span class="c1"># 元組 (12836, '小哈') 的雜湊值為 1029005403108185979</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-20" name="__codelineno-15-20" href="#__codelineno-15-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-21" name="__codelineno-15-21" href="#__codelineno-15-21"></a><span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-22" name="__codelineno-15-22" href="#__codelineno-15-22"></a><span class="n">hash_obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-23" name="__codelineno-15-23" href="#__codelineno-15-23"></a><span class="c1"># 節點物件 <ListNode object at 0x1058fd810> 的雜湊值為 274267521</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整數 3 的雜湊值為 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布林量 1 的雜湊值為 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 4614256650576692846</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 演算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 15466937326284535026</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="c1">// 在 C++ 中，內建 std:hash() 僅提供基本資料型別的雜湊值計算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="c1">// 陣列、物件的雜湊值計算需要自行實現</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整數 3 的雜湊值為 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Boolean</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布林量 true 的雜湊值為 1231</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Double</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 -1340954729</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 演算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 -727081396</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-18" name="__codelineno-17-18" href="#__codelineno-17-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashTup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-19" name="__codelineno-17-19" href="#__codelineno-17-19"></a><span class="c1">// 陣列 [12836, 小哈] 的雜湊值為 1151158</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-20" name="__codelineno-17-20" href="#__codelineno-17-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-21" name="__codelineno-17-21" href="#__codelineno-17-21"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-22" name="__codelineno-17-22" href="#__codelineno-17-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashObj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-23" name="__codelineno-17-23" href="#__codelineno-17-23"></a><span class="c1">// 節點物件 utils.ListNode@7dc5e7b4 的雜湊值為 2110121908</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整數 3 的雜湊值為 3;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布林量 true 的雜湊值為 1;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 -1340954729;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 演算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 -586107568;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a><span class="kt">object</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashTup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a><span class="c1">// 陣列 [12836, 小哈] 的雜湊值為 42931033;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashObj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a><span class="c1">// 節點物件 0 的雜湊值為 39053774;</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="c1">// Go 未提供內建 hash code 函式</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">num</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashNum</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整數 3 的雜湊值為 9047044699613009734</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">bol</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashBol</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布林量 true 的雜湊值為 -4431640247352757451</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">dec</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">3.14159</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashDec</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 -2465384235396674631</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13" href="#__codelineno-20-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">str</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"Hello 演算法"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14" href="#__codelineno-20-14"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashStr</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-15" name="__codelineno-20-15" href="#__codelineno-20-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 -7850626797806988787</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-16" name="__codelineno-20-16" href="#__codelineno-20-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-17" name="__codelineno-20-17" href="#__codelineno-20-17"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">arr</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">AnyHashable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">AnyHashable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="p">)]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-18" name="__codelineno-20-18" href="#__codelineno-20-18"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashTup</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-19" name="__codelineno-20-19" href="#__codelineno-20-19"></a><span class="c1">// 陣列 [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable("小哈")] 的雜湊值為 -2308633508154532996</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-20" name="__codelineno-20-20" href="#__codelineno-20-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-21" name="__codelineno-20-21" href="#__codelineno-20-21"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">obj</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-22" name="__codelineno-20-22" href="#__codelineno-20-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashObj</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-23" name="__codelineno-20-23" href="#__codelineno-20-23"></a><span class="c1">// 節點物件 utils.ListNode 的雜湊值為 -2434780518035996159</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScript 未提供內建 hash code 函式</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScript 未提供內建 hash code 函式</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整數 3 的雜湊值為 34803</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布林值 true 的雜湊值為 1231</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 2570631074981783</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-13" name="__codelineno-23-13" href="#__codelineno-23-13"></a><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hello 演算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-14" name="__codelineno-23-14" href="#__codelineno-23-14"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-15" name="__codelineno-23-15" href="#__codelineno-23-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 468167534</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-16" name="__codelineno-23-16" href="#__codelineno-23-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-17" name="__codelineno-23-17" href="#__codelineno-23-17"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"小哈"</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-18" name="__codelineno-23-18" href="#__codelineno-23-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashArr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-19" name="__codelineno-23-19" href="#__codelineno-23-19"></a><span class="c1">// 陣列 [12836, 小哈] 的雜湊值為 976512528</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-20" name="__codelineno-23-20" href="#__codelineno-23-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-21" name="__codelineno-23-21" href="#__codelineno-23-21"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-22" name="__codelineno-23-22" href="#__codelineno-23-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashObj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-23" name="__codelineno-23-23" href="#__codelineno-23-23"></a><span class="c1">// 節點物件 Instance of 'ListNode' 的雜湊值為 1033450432</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span>::<span class="n">collections</span>::<span class="n">hash_map</span>::<span class="n">DefaultHasher</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span>::<span class="n">hash</span>::<span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hasher</span><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a><span class="c1">// 整數 3 的雜湊值為 568126464209439262</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-10" name="__codelineno-24-10" href="#__codelineno-24-10"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-11" name="__codelineno-24-11" href="#__codelineno-24-11"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-12" name="__codelineno-24-12" href="#__codelineno-24-12"></a><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-13" name="__codelineno-24-13" href="#__codelineno-24-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-14" name="__codelineno-24-14" href="#__codelineno-24-14"></a><span class="c1">// 布林量 true 的雜湊值為 4952851536318644461</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-15" name="__codelineno-24-15" href="#__codelineno-24-15"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-16" name="__codelineno-24-16" href="#__codelineno-24-16"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span>: <span class="kt">f32</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-17" name="__codelineno-24-17" href="#__codelineno-24-17"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-18" name="__codelineno-24-18" href="#__codelineno-24-18"></a><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_bits</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-19" name="__codelineno-24-19" href="#__codelineno-24-19"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-20" name="__codelineno-24-20" href="#__codelineno-24-20"></a><span class="c1">// 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 2566941990314602357</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-21" name="__codelineno-24-21" href="#__codelineno-24-21"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-22" name="__codelineno-24-22" href="#__codelineno-24-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 演算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-23" name="__codelineno-24-23" href="#__codelineno-24-23"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-24" name="__codelineno-24-24" href="#__codelineno-24-24"></a><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-25" name="__codelineno-24-25" href="#__codelineno-24-25"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-26" name="__codelineno-24-26" href="#__codelineno-24-26"></a><span class="c1">// 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 16092673739211250988</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-27" name="__codelineno-24-27" href="#__codelineno-24-27"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-28" name="__codelineno-24-28" href="#__codelineno-24-28"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-29" name="__codelineno-24-29" href="#__codelineno-24-29"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tup_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-30" name="__codelineno-24-30" href="#__codelineno-24-30"></a><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tup_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-31" name="__codelineno-24-31" href="#__codelineno-24-31"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_tup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tup_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-32" name="__codelineno-24-32" href="#__codelineno-24-32"></a><span class="c1">// 元組 (12836, "小哈") 的雜湊值為 1885128010422702749</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-33" name="__codelineno-24-33" href="#__codelineno-24-33"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-34" name="__codelineno-24-34" href="#__codelineno-24-34"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-35" name="__codelineno-24-35" href="#__codelineno-24-35"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-36" name="__codelineno-24-36" href="#__codelineno-24-36"></a><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-37" name="__codelineno-24-37" href="#__codelineno-24-37"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-38" name="__codelineno-24-38" href="#__codelineno-24-38"></a><span class="c1">// 節點物件 RefCell { value: ListNode { val: 42, next: None } } 的雜湊值為15387811073369036852</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="c1">// C 未提供內建 hash code 函式</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整數 3 的雜湊值為 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布林量 true 的雜湊值為 1231</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3.14159</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 -1340954729</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-13" name="__codelineno-26-13" href="#__codelineno-26-13"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 演算法"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-14" name="__codelineno-26-14" href="#__codelineno-26-14"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-15" name="__codelineno-26-15" href="#__codelineno-26-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 -727081396</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-16" name="__codelineno-26-16" href="#__codelineno-26-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-17" name="__codelineno-26-17" href="#__codelineno-26-17"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrayOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Any</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-18" name="__codelineno-26-18" href="#__codelineno-26-18"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hashTup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-19" name="__codelineno-26-19" href="#__codelineno-26-19"></a><span class="c1">// 陣列 [12836, 小哈] 的雜湊值為 189568618</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-20" name="__codelineno-26-20" href="#__codelineno-26-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-21" name="__codelineno-26-21" href="#__codelineno-26-21"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-22" name="__codelineno-26-22" href="#__codelineno-26-22"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hashObj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-26-23" name="__codelineno-26-23" href="#__codelineno-26-23"></a><span class="c1">// 節點物件 utils.ListNode@1d81eb93 的雜湊值為 495053715</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="n">hash_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="c1"># 整數 3 的雜湊值為 -4385856518450339636</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">true</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="n">hash_bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="c1"># 布林量 true 的雜湊值為 -1617938112149317027</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">14159</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-10" name="__codelineno-27-10" href="#__codelineno-27-10"></a><span class="n">hash_dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-11" name="__codelineno-27-11" href="#__codelineno-27-11"></a><span class="c1"># 小數 3.14159 的雜湊值為 -1479186995943067893</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-12" name="__codelineno-27-12" href="#__codelineno-27-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-13" name="__codelineno-27-13" href="#__codelineno-27-13"></a><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hello 演算法"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-14" name="__codelineno-27-14" href="#__codelineno-27-14"></a><span class="n">hash_str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-15" name="__codelineno-27-15" href="#__codelineno-27-15"></a><span class="c1"># 字串“Hello 演算法”的雜湊值為 -4075943250025831763</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-16" name="__codelineno-27-16" href="#__codelineno-27-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-17" name="__codelineno-27-17" href="#__codelineno-27-17"></a><span class="n">tup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'小哈'</span><span class="o">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-18" name="__codelineno-27-18" href="#__codelineno-27-18"></a><span class="n">hash_tup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-27-19" name="__codelineno-27-19" href="#__codelineno-27-19"></a><span class="c1"># 元組 (12836, '小哈') 的雜湊值為 1999544809202288822</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-20" name="__codelineno-27-20" href="#__codelineno-27-20"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-27-21" name="__codelineno-27-21" href="#__codelineno-27-21"></a><span class="n">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">ListNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-22" name="__codelineno-27-22" href="#__codelineno-27-22"></a><span class="n">hash_obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-27-23" name="__codelineno-27-23" href="#__codelineno-27-23"></a><span class="c1"># 節點物件 #<ListNode:0x000078133140ab70> 的雜湊值為 4302940560806366381</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
|
|
|
<details class="pythontutor">
|
|
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<summary>視覺化執行</summary>
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|
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20ListNode%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E9%8F%88%E7%B5%90%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%97%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E9%A1%9E%E5%88%A5%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%2C%20val%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.val%3A%20int%20%3D%20val%20%20%23%20%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.next%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20%E5%BE%8C%E7%B9%BC%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20num%20%3D%203%0A%20%20%20%20hash_num%20%3D%20hash%28num%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B8%203%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%203%0A%0A%20%20%20%20bol%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20hash_bol%20%3D%20hash%28bol%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E9%87%8F%20True%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20dec%20%3D%203.14159%0A%20%20%20%20hash_dec%20%3D%20hash%28dec%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B8%203.14159%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20326484311674566659%0A%0A%20%20%20%20str%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash_str%20%3D%20hash%28str%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%AD%97%E4%B8%B2%E2%80%9CHello%20%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%204617003410720528961%0A%0A%20%20%20%20tup%20%3D%20%2812836%2C%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_tup%20%3D%20hash%28tup%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B5%84%20%2812836%2C%20%27%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%27%29%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%201029005403108185979%0A%0A%20%20%20%20obj%20%3D%20ListNode%280%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_obj%20%3D%20hash%28obj%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%B6%20%3CListNode%20object%20at%200x1058fd810%3E%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20274267521&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=19&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20ListNode%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E9%8F%88%E7%B5%90%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%97%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E9%A1%9E%E5%88%A5%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%2C%20val%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.val%3A%20int%20%3D%20val%20%20%23%20%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.next%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20%E5%BE%8C%E7%B9%BC%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20num%20%3D%203%0A%20%20%20%20hash_num%20%3D%20hash%28num%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B8%203%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%203%0A%0A%20%20%20%20bol%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20hash_bol%20%3D%20hash%28bol%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E9%87%8F%20True%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20dec%20%3D%203.14159%0A%20%20%20%20hash_dec%20%3D%20hash%28dec%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B8%203.14159%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20326484311674566659%0A%0A%20%20%20%20str%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash_str%20%3D%20hash%28str%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%AD%97%E4%B8%B2%E2%80%9CHello%20%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%204617003410720528961%0A%0A%20%20%20%20tup%20%3D%20%2812836%2C%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_tup%20%3D%20hash%28tup%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B5%84%20%2812836%2C%20%27%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%27%29%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%201029005403108185979%0A%0A%20%20%20%20obj%20%3D%20ListNode%280%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_obj%20%3D%20hash%28obj%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%B6%20%3CListNode%20object%20at%200x1058fd810%3E%20%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20274267521&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=19&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全螢幕觀看 ></a></div></p>
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</details>
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<p>在許多程式語言中，<strong>只有不可變物件才可作為雜湊表的 <code>key</code></strong> 。假如我們將串列（動態陣列）作為 <code>key</code> ，當串列的內容發生變化時，它的雜湊值也隨之改變，我們就無法在雜湊表中查詢到原先的 <code>value</code> 了。</p>
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<p>雖然自定義物件（比如鏈結串列節點）的成員變數是可變的，但它是可雜湊的。<strong>這是因為物件的雜湊值通常是基於記憶體位址生成的</strong>，即使物件的內容發生了變化，但它的記憶體位址不變，雜湊值仍然是不變的。</p>
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<p>細心的你可能發現在不同控制檯中執行程式時，輸出的雜湊值是不同的。<strong>這是因為 Python 直譯器在每次啟動時，都會為字串雜湊函式加入一個隨機的鹽（salt）值</strong>。這種做法可以有效防止 HashDoS 攻擊，提升雜湊演算法的安全性。</p>
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