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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/c/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.c

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/**
* File: binary_search_edge.c
* Created Time: 2023-09-09
* Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
/* 二分搜尋插入點(存在重複元素) */
int binarySearchInsertion(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {
int i = 0, j = numSize - 1; // 初始化雙閉區間 [0, n-1]
while (i <= j) {
int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // 計算中點索引 m
if (nums[m] < target) {
i = m + 1; // target 在區間 [m+1, j] 中
} else {
j = m - 1; // 首個小於 target 的元素在區間 [i, m-1] 中
}
}
// 返回插入點 i
return i;
}
/* 二分搜尋最左一個 target */
int binarySearchLeftEdge(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {
// 等價於查詢 target 的插入點
int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, numSize, target);
// 未找到 target ,返回 -1
if (i == numSize || nums[i] != target) {
return -1;
}
// 找到 target ,返回索引 i
return i;
}
/* 二分搜尋最右一個 target */
int binarySearchRightEdge(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {
// 轉化為查詢最左一個 target + 1
int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, numSize, target + 1);
// j 指向最右一個 target i 指向首個大於 target 的元素
int j = i - 1;
// 未找到 target ,返回 -1
if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {
return -1;
}
// 找到 target ,返回索引 j
return j;
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
// 包含重複元素的陣列
int nums[] = {1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 12, 15};
printf("\n陣列 nums = ");
printArray(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]));
// 二分搜尋左邊界和右邊界
int targets[] = {6, 7};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(targets) / sizeof(targets[0]); i++) {
int index = binarySearchLeftEdge(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]), targets[i]);
printf("最左一個元素 %d 的索引為 %d\n", targets[i], index);
index = binarySearchRightEdge(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]), targets[i]);
printf("最右一個元素 %d 的索引為 %d\n", targets[i], index);
}
return 0;
}