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/**
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* File: hash_map_open_addressing.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-06-26
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_hashing;
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/* 開放定址雜湊表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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int size; // 鍵值對數量
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int capacity = 4; // 雜湊表容量
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double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
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int extendRatio = 2; // 擴容倍數
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Pair[] buckets; // 桶陣列
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Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, "-1"); // 刪除標記
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/* 建構子 */
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public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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size = 0;
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buckets = new Pair[capacity];
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}
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/* 雜湊函式 */
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int HashFunc(int key) {
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return key % capacity;
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}
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/* 負載因子 */
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double LoadFactor() {
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return (double)size / capacity;
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}
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/* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */
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int FindBucket(int key) {
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int index = HashFunc(key);
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int firstTombstone = -1;
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// 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
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while (buckets[index] != null) {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
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if (buckets[index].key == key) {
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// 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
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if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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return firstTombstone; // 返回移動後的桶索引
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}
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return index; // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
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if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
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firstTombstone = index;
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}
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// 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
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index = (index + 1) % capacity;
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
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return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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}
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/* 查詢操作 */
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public string? Get(int key) {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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int index = FindBucket(key);
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// 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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return buckets[index].val;
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null
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return null;
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}
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/* 新增操作 */
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public void Put(int key, string val) {
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// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
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if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {
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Extend();
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}
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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int index = FindBucket(key);
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// 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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buckets[index].val = val;
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return;
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
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buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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size++;
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}
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/* 刪除操作 */
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public void Remove(int key) {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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int index = FindBucket(key);
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// 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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size--;
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}
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}
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/* 擴容雜湊表 */
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void Extend() {
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// 暫存原雜湊表
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Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
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// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
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capacity *= extendRatio;
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buckets = new Pair[capacity];
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size = 0;
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// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
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foreach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {
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if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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Put(pair.key, pair.val);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 列印雜湊表 */
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public void Print() {
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foreach (Pair pair in buckets) {
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if (pair == null) {
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Console.WriteLine("null");
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} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
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Console.WriteLine("TOMBSTONE");
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} else {
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Console.WriteLine(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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public class hash_map_open_addressing {
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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/* 初始化雜湊表 */
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HashMapOpenAddressing map = new();
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/* 新增操作 */
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// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, value)
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map.Put(12836, "小哈");
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map.Put(15937, "小囉");
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map.Put(16750, "小算");
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map.Put(13276, "小法");
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map.Put(10583, "小鴨");
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Console.WriteLine("\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
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map.Print();
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/* 查詢操作 */
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// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 value
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string? name = map.Get(13276);
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Console.WriteLine("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 " + name);
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/* 刪除操作 */
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// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, value)
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map.Remove(16750);
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Console.WriteLine("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
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map.Print();
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}
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}
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