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187 lines
6.2 KiB
187 lines
6.2 KiB
// File: my_heap.zig
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// Created Time: 2023-01-14
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// Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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const std = @import("std");
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const inc = @import("include");
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// 堆積類別簡易實現
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pub fn MaxHeap(comptime T: type) type {
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return struct {
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const Self = @This();
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max_heap: ?std.ArrayList(T) = null, // 使用串列而非陣列,這樣無須考慮擴容問題
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// 建構子,根據輸入串列建堆積
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pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []const T) !void {
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if (self.max_heap != null) return;
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self.max_heap = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);
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// 將串列元素原封不動新增進堆積
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try self.max_heap.?.appendSlice(nums);
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// 堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
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var i: usize = parent(self.size() - 1) + 1;
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while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {
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try self.siftDown(i - 1);
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}
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}
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// 析構方法,釋放記憶體
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pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
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if (self.max_heap != null) self.max_heap.?.deinit();
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}
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// 獲取左子節點的索引
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fn left(i: usize) usize {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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// 獲取右子節點的索引
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fn right(i: usize) usize {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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// 獲取父節點的索引
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fn parent(i: usize) usize {
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// return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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return @divFloor(i - 1, 2);
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}
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// 交換元素
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fn swap(self: *Self, i: usize, j: usize) !void {
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var tmp = self.max_heap.?.items[i];
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try self.max_heap.?.replaceRange(i, 1, &[_]T{self.max_heap.?.items[j]});
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try self.max_heap.?.replaceRange(j, 1, &[_]T{tmp});
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}
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// 獲取堆積大小
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pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {
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return self.max_heap.?.items.len;
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}
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// 判斷堆積是否為空
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pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {
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return self.size() == 0;
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}
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// 訪問堆積頂元素
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pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {
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return self.max_heap.?.items[0];
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}
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// 元素入堆積
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pub fn push(self: *Self, val: T) !void {
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// 新增節點
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try self.max_heap.?.append(val);
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// 從底至頂堆積化
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try self.siftUp(self.size() - 1);
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}
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// 從節點 i 開始,從底至頂堆積化
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fn siftUp(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {
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var i = i_;
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while (true) {
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// 獲取節點 i 的父節點
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var p = parent(i);
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// 當“越過根節點”或“節點無須修復”時,結束堆積化
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if (p < 0 or self.max_heap.?.items[i] <= self.max_heap.?.items[p]) break;
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// 交換兩節點
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try self.swap(i, p);
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// 迴圈向上堆積化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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// 元素出堆積
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pub fn pop(self: *Self) !T {
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// 判斷處理
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if (self.isEmpty()) unreachable;
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// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
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try self.swap(0, self.size() - 1);
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// 刪除節點
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var val = self.max_heap.?.pop();
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// 從頂至底堆積化
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try self.siftDown(0);
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// 返回堆積頂元素
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return val;
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}
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// 從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化
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fn siftDown(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {
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var i = i_;
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while (true) {
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// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
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var l = left(i);
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var r = right(i);
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var ma = i;
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if (l < self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[l] > self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = l;
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if (r < self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[r] > self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = r;
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// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
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if (ma == i) break;
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// 交換兩節點
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try self.swap(i, ma);
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// 迴圈向下堆積化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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fn lessThan(context: void, a: T, b: T) std.math.Order {
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_ = context;
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return std.math.order(a, b);
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}
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fn greaterThan(context: void, a: T, b: T) std.math.Order {
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return lessThan(context, a, b).invert();
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}
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// 列印堆積(二元樹)
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pub fn print(self: *Self, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {
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const PQgt = std.PriorityQueue(T, void, greaterThan);
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var queue = PQgt.init(std.heap.page_allocator, {});
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defer queue.deinit();
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try queue.addSlice(self.max_heap.?.items);
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try inc.PrintUtil.printHeap(T, mem_allocator, queue);
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}
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};
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}
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// Driver Code
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pub fn main() !void {
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// 初始化記憶體分配器
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var mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
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defer mem_arena.deinit();
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const mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();
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// 初始化大頂堆積
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var max_heap = MaxHeap(i32){};
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try max_heap.init(std.heap.page_allocator, &[_]i32{ 9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2 });
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defer max_heap.deinit();
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std.debug.print("\n輸入串列並建堆積後\n", .{});
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try max_heap.print(mem_allocator);
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// 獲取堆積頂元素
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var peek = max_heap.peek();
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std.debug.print("\n堆積頂元素為 {}\n", .{peek});
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// 元素入堆積
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const val = 7;
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try max_heap.push(val);
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std.debug.print("\n元素 {} 入堆積後\n", .{val});
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try max_heap.print(mem_allocator);
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// 堆積頂元素出堆積
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peek = try max_heap.pop();
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std.debug.print("\n堆積頂元素 {} 出堆積後\n", .{peek});
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try max_heap.print(mem_allocator);
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// 獲取堆積的大小
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var size = max_heap.size();
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std.debug.print("\n堆積元素數量為 {}", .{size});
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// 判斷堆積是否為空
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var is_empty = max_heap.isEmpty();
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std.debug.print("\n堆積是否為空 {}\n", .{is_empty});
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_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
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}
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