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6.2. 哈希冲突（New）
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2.2. 时间复杂度
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2.3. 空间复杂度
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3. 数据结构简介
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3.1. 数据结构分类
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3.3. 数字编码 *
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4. 数组与链表
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4.1. 数组
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4.2. 链表
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.3. 列表
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/">5. 栈与队列</a>
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<label for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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5. 栈与队列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.1. 栈
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.2. 队列
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.3. 双向队列
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" checked>
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
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<a href="../">6. 散列表</a>
|
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<label for="__nav_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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6. 散列表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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6.1. 哈希表（New）
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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6.2. 哈希冲突（New）
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
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6.2. 哈希冲突（New）
|
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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目录
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#621" class="md-nav__link">
|
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6.2.1. 链式地址
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#622" class="md-nav__link">
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6.2.2. 开放寻址
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</a>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="6.2.2. 开放寻址">
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
线性探测
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
多次哈希
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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6.3. 哈希算法（New）
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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6.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/">7. 树</a>
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<label for="__nav_8">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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7. 树
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
7.1. 二叉树
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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7.2. 二叉树遍历
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.3. 二叉树数组表示
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.4. 二叉搜索树
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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7.5. AVL 树 *
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.6. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/">8. 堆</a>
|
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|
|
<label for="__nav_9">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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8. 堆
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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8.1. 堆
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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8.2. 建堆操作
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
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8.3. Top-K 问题（New）
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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8.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/">9. 图</a>
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<label for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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9. 图
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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9.1. 图
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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9.2. 图基础操作
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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9.3. 图的遍历
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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9.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/">10. 搜索</a>
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<label for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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10. 搜索
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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10.1. 二分查找
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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10.2. 二分查找边界
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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10.3. 哈希优化策略
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
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10.4. 重识搜索算法
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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10.5. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/">11. 排序</a>
|
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<label for="__nav_12">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
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|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
11. 排序
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
11.1. 排序算法
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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11.2. 选择排序
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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11.3. 冒泡排序
|
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
11.4. 插入排序
|
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
11.5. 快速排序
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.6. 归并排序
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.7. 堆排序
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.8. 桶排序
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.9. 计数排序
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.10. 基数排序
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
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11.11. 小结
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/">12. 回溯</a>
|
|
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|
|
<label for="__nav_13">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
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</div>
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
12. 回溯
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
12.1. 回溯算法
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
12.2. 全排列问题
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
12.3. 子集和问题（New）
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
12.4. N 皇后问题
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
13. 附录
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
13. 附录
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
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<a href="../../chapter_appendix/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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13.1. 编程环境安装
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_appendix/contribution/" class="md-nav__link">
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13.2. 一起参与创作
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</a>
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</li>
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
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<a href="../../chapter_reference/">参考文献</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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参考文献
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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目录
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#621" class="md-nav__link">
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6.2.1. 链式地址
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#622" class="md-nav__link">
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6.2.2. 开放寻址
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<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
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线性探测
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
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多次哈希
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/docs/chapter_hashing/hash_collision.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"/></svg>
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</a>
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<h1 id="62">6.2. 哈希冲突<a class="headerlink" href="#62" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>上节提到，<strong>通常情况下哈希函数的输入空间远大于输出空间</strong>，因此哈希冲突是不可避免的。例如，输入空间为全体整数，输出空间为数组容量大小，则必然有多个整数映射至同一数组索引。</p>
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<p>哈希冲突会导致查询结果错误，严重影响哈希表的可用性。为解决该问题，我们可以每当遇到哈希冲突时就进行哈希表扩容，直至冲突消失为止。此方法简单粗暴且有效，但效率太低，因为哈希表扩容需要进行大量的数据搬运与哈希值计算。为了提升效率，我们换一种思路：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>改良哈希表数据结构，<strong>使得哈希表可以在存在哈希冲突时正常工作</strong>。</li>
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<li>仅在必要时，即当哈希冲突比较严重时，执行扩容操作。</li>
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</ol>
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<p>哈希表的结构改良方法主要包括链式地址和开放寻址。</p>
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<h2 id="621">6.2.1. 链式地址<a class="headerlink" href="#621" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>在原始哈希表中，每个桶仅能存储一个键值对。「链式地址 Separate Chaining」将单个元素转换为链表，将键值对作为链表节点，将所有发生冲突的键值对都存储在同一链表中。</p>
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<p><img alt="链式地址哈希表" src="../hash_collision.assets/hash_table_chaining.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 链式地址哈希表 </p>
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<p>链式地址下，哈希表的操作方法包括：</p>
|
|
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<ul>
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<li><strong>查询元素</strong>：输入 <code>key</code> ，经过哈希函数得到数组索引，即可访问链表头节点，然后遍历链表并对比 <code>key</code> 以查找目标键值对。</li>
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<li><strong>添加元素</strong>：先通过哈希函数访问链表头节点，然后将节点（即键值对）添加到链表中。</li>
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<li><strong>删除元素</strong>：根据哈希函数的结果访问链表头部，接着遍历链表以查找目标节点，并将其删除。</li>
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</ul>
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|
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<p>该方法存在一些局限性，包括：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>占用空间增大</strong>，由于链表或二叉树包含节点指针，相比数组更加耗费内存空间；</li>
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<li><strong>查询效率降低</strong>，因为需要线性遍历链表来查找对应元素；</li>
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</ul>
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<p>以下给出了链式地址哈希表的简单实现，需要注意：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>为了使得代码尽量简短，我们使用列表（动态数组）代替链表。换句话说，哈希表（数组）包含多个桶，每个桶都是一个列表。</li>
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<li>以下代码实现了哈希表扩容方法。具体来看，当负载因子超过 <span class="arithmatex">\(0.75\)</span> 时，我们将哈希表扩容至 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 倍。</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:11"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">Dart</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 键值对 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 链式地址哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">HashMapChaining</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 键值对数量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表容量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 触发扩容的负载因子阈值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 扩容倍数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">());</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 哈希函数 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34" href="#__codelineno-0-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37" href="#__codelineno-0-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 负载因子 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-38" name="__codelineno-0-38" href="#__codelineno-0-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-39" name="__codelineno-0-39" href="#__codelineno-0-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-40" name="__codelineno-0-40" href="#__codelineno-0-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-41" name="__codelineno-0-41" href="#__codelineno-0-41"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-42" name="__codelineno-0-42" href="#__codelineno-0-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 查询操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-43" name="__codelineno-0-43" href="#__codelineno-0-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-44" name="__codelineno-0-44" href="#__codelineno-0-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-45" name="__codelineno-0-45" href="#__codelineno-0-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-46" name="__codelineno-0-46" href="#__codelineno-0-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历桶，若找到 key 则返回对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-47" name="__codelineno-0-47" href="#__codelineno-0-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-48" name="__codelineno-0-48" href="#__codelineno-0-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-49" name="__codelineno-0-49" href="#__codelineno-0-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-50" name="__codelineno-0-50" href="#__codelineno-0-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-51" name="__codelineno-0-51" href="#__codelineno-0-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-52" name="__codelineno-0-52" href="#__codelineno-0-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若未找到 key 则返回 null</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-53" name="__codelineno-0-53" href="#__codelineno-0-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-54" name="__codelineno-0-54" href="#__codelineno-0-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-55" name="__codelineno-0-55" href="#__codelineno-0-55"></a>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-56" name="__codelineno-0-56" href="#__codelineno-0-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 添加操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-57" name="__codelineno-0-57" href="#__codelineno-0-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-58" name="__codelineno-0-58" href="#__codelineno-0-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-59" name="__codelineno-0-59" href="#__codelineno-0-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-60" name="__codelineno-0-60" href="#__codelineno-0-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-61" name="__codelineno-0-61" href="#__codelineno-0-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-62" name="__codelineno-0-62" href="#__codelineno-0-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-63" name="__codelineno-0-63" href="#__codelineno-0-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-64" name="__codelineno-0-64" href="#__codelineno-0-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历桶，若遇到指定 key ，则更新对应 val 并返回</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-65" name="__codelineno-0-65" href="#__codelineno-0-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-66" name="__codelineno-0-66" href="#__codelineno-0-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-67" name="__codelineno-0-67" href="#__codelineno-0-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-68" name="__codelineno-0-68" href="#__codelineno-0-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-69" name="__codelineno-0-69" href="#__codelineno-0-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-70" name="__codelineno-0-70" href="#__codelineno-0-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-71" name="__codelineno-0-71" href="#__codelineno-0-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若无该 key ，则将键值对添加至尾部</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-72" name="__codelineno-0-72" href="#__codelineno-0-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-73" name="__codelineno-0-73" href="#__codelineno-0-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-74" name="__codelineno-0-74" href="#__codelineno-0-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-75" name="__codelineno-0-75" href="#__codelineno-0-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-76" name="__codelineno-0-76" href="#__codelineno-0-76"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-77" name="__codelineno-0-77" href="#__codelineno-0-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 删除操作 */</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-78" name="__codelineno-0-78" href="#__codelineno-0-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-79" name="__codelineno-0-79" href="#__codelineno-0-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-80" name="__codelineno-0-80" href="#__codelineno-0-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-81" name="__codelineno-0-81" href="#__codelineno-0-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历桶，从中删除键值对</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-82" name="__codelineno-0-82" href="#__codelineno-0-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-83" name="__codelineno-0-83" href="#__codelineno-0-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-84" name="__codelineno-0-84" href="#__codelineno-0-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-85" name="__codelineno-0-85" href="#__codelineno-0-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-86" name="__codelineno-0-86" href="#__codelineno-0-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-87" name="__codelineno-0-87" href="#__codelineno-0-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-88" name="__codelineno-0-88" href="#__codelineno-0-88"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-89" name="__codelineno-0-89" href="#__codelineno-0-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 扩容哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-90" name="__codelineno-0-90" href="#__codelineno-0-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-91" name="__codelineno-0-91" href="#__codelineno-0-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 暂存原哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-92" name="__codelineno-0-92" href="#__codelineno-0-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-93" name="__codelineno-0-93" href="#__codelineno-0-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-94" name="__codelineno-0-94" href="#__codelineno-0-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-95" name="__codelineno-0-95" href="#__codelineno-0-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-96" name="__codelineno-0-96" href="#__codelineno-0-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-97" name="__codelineno-0-97" href="#__codelineno-0-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">());</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-98" name="__codelineno-0-98" href="#__codelineno-0-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-99" name="__codelineno-0-99" href="#__codelineno-0-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-0-100" name="__codelineno-0-100" href="#__codelineno-0-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-101" name="__codelineno-0-101" href="#__codelineno-0-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-102" name="__codelineno-0-102" href="#__codelineno-0-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-0-103" name="__codelineno-0-103" href="#__codelineno-0-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-104" name="__codelineno-0-104" href="#__codelineno-0-104"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-105" name="__codelineno-0-105" href="#__codelineno-0-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-106" name="__codelineno-0-106" href="#__codelineno-0-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-107" name="__codelineno-0-107" href="#__codelineno-0-107"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-108" name="__codelineno-0-108" href="#__codelineno-0-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 打印哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-109" name="__codelineno-0-109" href="#__codelineno-0-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-110" name="__codelineno-0-110" href="#__codelineno-0-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-111" name="__codelineno-0-111" href="#__codelineno-0-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-112" name="__codelineno-0-112" href="#__codelineno-0-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-113" name="__codelineno-0-113" href="#__codelineno-0-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" -> "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-114" name="__codelineno-0-114" href="#__codelineno-0-114"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-115" name="__codelineno-0-115" href="#__codelineno-0-115"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-116" name="__codelineno-0-116" href="#__codelineno-0-116"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-117" name="__codelineno-0-117" href="#__codelineno-0-117"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-118" name="__codelineno-0-118" href="#__codelineno-0-118"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 键值对 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 链式地址哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">HashMapChaining</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 键值对数量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表容量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 触发扩容的负载因子阈值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 扩容倍数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 哈希函数 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 负载因子 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-34" name="__codelineno-1-34" href="#__codelineno-1-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-35" name="__codelineno-1-35" href="#__codelineno-1-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-36" name="__codelineno-1-36" href="#__codelineno-1-36"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-37" name="__codelineno-1-37" href="#__codelineno-1-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 查询操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-38" name="__codelineno-1-38" href="#__codelineno-1-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-39" name="__codelineno-1-39" href="#__codelineno-1-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-40" name="__codelineno-1-40" href="#__codelineno-1-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历桶，若找到 key 则返回对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-41" name="__codelineno-1-41" href="#__codelineno-1-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-42" name="__codelineno-1-42" href="#__codelineno-1-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-43" name="__codelineno-1-43" href="#__codelineno-1-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-44" name="__codelineno-1-44" href="#__codelineno-1-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-45" name="__codelineno-1-45" href="#__codelineno-1-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-46" name="__codelineno-1-46" href="#__codelineno-1-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若未找到 key 则返回 nullptr</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-47" name="__codelineno-1-47" href="#__codelineno-1-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-48" name="__codelineno-1-48" href="#__codelineno-1-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-49" name="__codelineno-1-49" href="#__codelineno-1-49"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-50" name="__codelineno-1-50" href="#__codelineno-1-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 添加操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-51" name="__codelineno-1-51" href="#__codelineno-1-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-52" name="__codelineno-1-52" href="#__codelineno-1-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-53" name="__codelineno-1-53" href="#__codelineno-1-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-54" name="__codelineno-1-54" href="#__codelineno-1-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-55" name="__codelineno-1-55" href="#__codelineno-1-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-56" name="__codelineno-1-56" href="#__codelineno-1-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-57" name="__codelineno-1-57" href="#__codelineno-1-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历桶，若遇到指定 key ，则更新对应 val 并返回</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-58" name="__codelineno-1-58" href="#__codelineno-1-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-59" name="__codelineno-1-59" href="#__codelineno-1-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-60" name="__codelineno-1-60" href="#__codelineno-1-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-61" name="__codelineno-1-61" href="#__codelineno-1-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-62" name="__codelineno-1-62" href="#__codelineno-1-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-63" name="__codelineno-1-63" href="#__codelineno-1-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-64" name="__codelineno-1-64" href="#__codelineno-1-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若无该 key ，则将键值对添加至尾部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-65" name="__codelineno-1-65" href="#__codelineno-1-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-66" name="__codelineno-1-66" href="#__codelineno-1-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-67" name="__codelineno-1-67" href="#__codelineno-1-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-68" name="__codelineno-1-68" href="#__codelineno-1-68"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-69" name="__codelineno-1-69" href="#__codelineno-1-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 删除操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-70" name="__codelineno-1-70" href="#__codelineno-1-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-71" name="__codelineno-1-71" href="#__codelineno-1-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-72" name="__codelineno-1-72" href="#__codelineno-1-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-73" name="__codelineno-1-73" href="#__codelineno-1-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历桶，从中删除键值对</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-74" name="__codelineno-1-74" href="#__codelineno-1-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-75" name="__codelineno-1-75" href="#__codelineno-1-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-76" name="__codelineno-1-76" href="#__codelineno-1-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-77" name="__codelineno-1-77" href="#__codelineno-1-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">erase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从中删除键值对</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-78" name="__codelineno-1-78" href="#__codelineno-1-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 释放内存</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-79" name="__codelineno-1-79" href="#__codelineno-1-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-80" name="__codelineno-1-80" href="#__codelineno-1-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-81" name="__codelineno-1-81" href="#__codelineno-1-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-82" name="__codelineno-1-82" href="#__codelineno-1-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-83" name="__codelineno-1-83" href="#__codelineno-1-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-84" name="__codelineno-1-84" href="#__codelineno-1-84"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-85" name="__codelineno-1-85" href="#__codelineno-1-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 扩容哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-86" name="__codelineno-1-86" href="#__codelineno-1-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-87" name="__codelineno-1-87" href="#__codelineno-1-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 暂存原哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-88" name="__codelineno-1-88" href="#__codelineno-1-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-89" name="__codelineno-1-89" href="#__codelineno-1-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-90" name="__codelineno-1-90" href="#__codelineno-1-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-91" name="__codelineno-1-91" href="#__codelineno-1-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-92" name="__codelineno-1-92" href="#__codelineno-1-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-93" name="__codelineno-1-93" href="#__codelineno-1-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-94" name="__codelineno-1-94" href="#__codelineno-1-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-95" name="__codelineno-1-95" href="#__codelineno-1-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-96" name="__codelineno-1-96" href="#__codelineno-1-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-97" name="__codelineno-1-97" href="#__codelineno-1-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-98" name="__codelineno-1-98" href="#__codelineno-1-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-99" name="__codelineno-1-99" href="#__codelineno-1-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-100" name="__codelineno-1-100" href="#__codelineno-1-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-101" name="__codelineno-1-101" href="#__codelineno-1-101"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-102" name="__codelineno-1-102" href="#__codelineno-1-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 打印哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-103" name="__codelineno-1-103" href="#__codelineno-1-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-104" name="__codelineno-1-104" href="#__codelineno-1-104"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-105" name="__codelineno-1-105" href="#__codelineno-1-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"["</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-106" name="__codelineno-1-106" href="#__codelineno-1-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-107" name="__codelineno-1-107" href="#__codelineno-1-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" -> "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">", "</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-108" name="__codelineno-1-108" href="#__codelineno-1-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-109" name="__codelineno-1-109" href="#__codelineno-1-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"]</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-110" name="__codelineno-1-110" href="#__codelineno-1-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-111" name="__codelineno-1-111" href="#__codelineno-1-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-112" name="__codelineno-1-112" href="#__codelineno-1-112"></a><span class="p">};</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Pair</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""键值对"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">key</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""链式地址哈希表"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""构造方法"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1"># 键值对数量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1"># 哈希表容量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_thres</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="c1"># 触发扩容的负载因子阈值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># 扩容倍数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[[]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="c1"># 桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""哈希函数"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load_factor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""负载因子"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""查询操作"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a> <span class="c1"># 遍历桶，若找到 key 则返回对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-33" name="__codelineno-2-33" href="#__codelineno-2-33"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-35" name="__codelineno-2-35" href="#__codelineno-2-35"></a> <span class="c1"># 若未找到 key 则返回 None</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-36" name="__codelineno-2-36" href="#__codelineno-2-36"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-37" name="__codelineno-2-37" href="#__codelineno-2-37"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-38" name="__codelineno-2-38" href="#__codelineno-2-38"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-39" name="__codelineno-2-39" href="#__codelineno-2-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""添加操作"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-40" name="__codelineno-2-40" href="#__codelineno-2-40"></a> <span class="c1"># 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-41" name="__codelineno-2-41" href="#__codelineno-2-41"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_factor</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_thres</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-42" name="__codelineno-2-42" href="#__codelineno-2-42"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-43" name="__codelineno-2-43" href="#__codelineno-2-43"></a> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-44" name="__codelineno-2-44" href="#__codelineno-2-44"></a> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-45" name="__codelineno-2-45" href="#__codelineno-2-45"></a> <span class="c1"># 遍历桶，若遇到指定 key ，则更新对应 val 并返回</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-46" name="__codelineno-2-46" href="#__codelineno-2-46"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-47" name="__codelineno-2-47" href="#__codelineno-2-47"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-48" name="__codelineno-2-48" href="#__codelineno-2-48"></a> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-49" name="__codelineno-2-49" href="#__codelineno-2-49"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-50" name="__codelineno-2-50" href="#__codelineno-2-50"></a> <span class="c1"># 若无该 key ，则将键值对添加至尾部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-51" name="__codelineno-2-51" href="#__codelineno-2-51"></a> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-52" name="__codelineno-2-52" href="#__codelineno-2-52"></a> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-53" name="__codelineno-2-53" href="#__codelineno-2-53"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-54" name="__codelineno-2-54" href="#__codelineno-2-54"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-55" name="__codelineno-2-55" href="#__codelineno-2-55"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-56" name="__codelineno-2-56" href="#__codelineno-2-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""删除操作"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-57" name="__codelineno-2-57" href="#__codelineno-2-57"></a> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-58" name="__codelineno-2-58" href="#__codelineno-2-58"></a> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-59" name="__codelineno-2-59" href="#__codelineno-2-59"></a> <span class="c1"># 遍历桶，从中删除键值对</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-60" name="__codelineno-2-60" href="#__codelineno-2-60"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-61" name="__codelineno-2-61" href="#__codelineno-2-61"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-62" name="__codelineno-2-62" href="#__codelineno-2-62"></a> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-63" name="__codelineno-2-63" href="#__codelineno-2-63"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-64" name="__codelineno-2-64" href="#__codelineno-2-64"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-65" name="__codelineno-2-65" href="#__codelineno-2-65"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-66" name="__codelineno-2-66" href="#__codelineno-2-66"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-67" name="__codelineno-2-67" href="#__codelineno-2-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""扩容哈希表"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-68" name="__codelineno-2-68" href="#__codelineno-2-68"></a> <span class="c1"># 暂存原哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-69" name="__codelineno-2-69" href="#__codelineno-2-69"></a> <span class="n">buckets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-70" name="__codelineno-2-70" href="#__codelineno-2-70"></a> <span class="c1"># 初始化扩容后的新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-71" name="__codelineno-2-71" href="#__codelineno-2-71"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span> <span class="o">*=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-72" name="__codelineno-2-72" href="#__codelineno-2-72"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[[]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-73" name="__codelineno-2-73" href="#__codelineno-2-73"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-74" name="__codelineno-2-74" href="#__codelineno-2-74"></a> <span class="c1"># 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-75" name="__codelineno-2-75" href="#__codelineno-2-75"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-76" name="__codelineno-2-76" href="#__codelineno-2-76"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-77" name="__codelineno-2-77" href="#__codelineno-2-77"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-78" name="__codelineno-2-78" href="#__codelineno-2-78"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-79" name="__codelineno-2-79" href="#__codelineno-2-79"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-80" name="__codelineno-2-80" href="#__codelineno-2-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""打印哈希表"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-81" name="__codelineno-2-81" href="#__codelineno-2-81"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-82" name="__codelineno-2-82" href="#__codelineno-2-82"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-83" name="__codelineno-2-83" href="#__codelineno-2-83"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-84" name="__codelineno-2-84" href="#__codelineno-2-84"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">" -> "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-85" name="__codelineno-2-85" href="#__codelineno-2-85"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">hashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">hashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">HashMapChaining</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition tip">
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<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
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<p>为了提高效率，<strong>我们可以将链表转换为「AVL 树」或「红黑树」</strong>，从而将查询操作的时间复杂度优化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 。</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="622">6.2.2. 开放寻址<a class="headerlink" href="#622" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>「开放寻址 Open Addressing」不引入额外的数据结构，而是通过“多次探测”来处理哈希冲突，探测方式主要包括线性探测、平方探测、多次哈希。</p>
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<h3 id="_1">线性探测<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>线性探测采用固定步长的线性查找来进行探测，对应的哈希表操作方法为：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>插入元素</strong>：通过哈希函数计算数组索引，若发现桶内已有元素，则从冲突位置向后线性遍历（步长通常为 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> ），直至找到空位，将元素插入其中。</li>
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<li><strong>查找元素</strong>：若发现哈希冲突，则使用相同步长向后线性遍历，直到找到对应元素，返回 <code>value</code> 即可；或者若遇到空位，说明目标键值对不在哈希表中，返回 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 。</li>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="线性探测" src="../hash_collision.assets/hash_table_linear_probing.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 线性探测 </p>
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<p>然而，线性探测存在以下缺陷：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>不能直接删除元素</strong>。删除元素会在数组内产生一个空位，查找其他元素时，该空位可能导致程序误判元素不存在。因此，需要借助一个标志位来标记已删除元素。</li>
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<li><strong>容易产生聚集</strong>。数组内连续被占用位置越长，这些连续位置发生哈希冲突的可能性越大，进一步促使这一位置的“聚堆生长”，最终导致增删查改操作效率降低。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>如以下代码所示，为开放寻址（线性探测）哈希表的简单实现，重点包括：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>我们使用一个固定的键值对实例 <code>removed</code> 来标记已删除元素。也就是说，当一个桶为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 或 <code>removed</code> 时，这个桶都是空的，可用于放置键值对。</li>
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<li>被标记为已删除的空间是可以再次被使用的。当插入元素时，若通过哈希函数找到了被标记为已删除的索引，则可将该元素放置到该索引。</li>
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<li>在线性探测时，我们从当前索引 <code>index</code> 向后遍历；而当越过数组尾部时，需要回到头部继续遍历。</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:11"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">Dart</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 键值对 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 开放寻址哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 键值对数量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表容量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 触发扩容的负载因子阈值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 扩容倍数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除标记</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"-1"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 哈希函数 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-36" name="__codelineno-11-36" href="#__codelineno-11-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 负载因子 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-37" name="__codelineno-11-37" href="#__codelineno-11-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-38" name="__codelineno-11-38" href="#__codelineno-11-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-39" name="__codelineno-11-39" href="#__codelineno-11-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-40" name="__codelineno-11-40" href="#__codelineno-11-40"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-41" name="__codelineno-11-41" href="#__codelineno-11-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 查询操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-42" name="__codelineno-11-42" href="#__codelineno-11-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-43" name="__codelineno-11-43" href="#__codelineno-11-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-44" name="__codelineno-11-44" href="#__codelineno-11-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-45" name="__codelineno-11-45" href="#__codelineno-11-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-46" name="__codelineno-11-46" href="#__codelineno-11-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-47" name="__codelineno-11-47" href="#__codelineno-11-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-48" name="__codelineno-11-48" href="#__codelineno-11-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到空桶，说明无此 key ，则返回 null</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-49" name="__codelineno-11-49" href="#__codelineno-11-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-50" name="__codelineno-11-50" href="#__codelineno-11-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-51" name="__codelineno-11-51" href="#__codelineno-11-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到指定 key ，则返回对应 val</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-52" name="__codelineno-11-52" href="#__codelineno-11-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-53" name="__codelineno-11-53" href="#__codelineno-11-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-54" name="__codelineno-11-54" href="#__codelineno-11-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-55" name="__codelineno-11-55" href="#__codelineno-11-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-56" name="__codelineno-11-56" href="#__codelineno-11-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-57" name="__codelineno-11-57" href="#__codelineno-11-57"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-58" name="__codelineno-11-58" href="#__codelineno-11-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 添加操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-59" name="__codelineno-11-59" href="#__codelineno-11-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-60" name="__codelineno-11-60" href="#__codelineno-11-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-61" name="__codelineno-11-61" href="#__codelineno-11-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-62" name="__codelineno-11-62" href="#__codelineno-11-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-63" name="__codelineno-11-63" href="#__codelineno-11-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-64" name="__codelineno-11-64" href="#__codelineno-11-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-65" name="__codelineno-11-65" href="#__codelineno-11-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-66" name="__codelineno-11-66" href="#__codelineno-11-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-67" name="__codelineno-11-67" href="#__codelineno-11-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-68" name="__codelineno-11-68" href="#__codelineno-11-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-69" name="__codelineno-11-69" href="#__codelineno-11-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶，则将键值对放入该桶</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-70" name="__codelineno-11-70" href="#__codelineno-11-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-71" name="__codelineno-11-71" href="#__codelineno-11-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-72" name="__codelineno-11-72" href="#__codelineno-11-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-73" name="__codelineno-11-73" href="#__codelineno-11-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-74" name="__codelineno-11-74" href="#__codelineno-11-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-75" name="__codelineno-11-75" href="#__codelineno-11-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到指定 key ，则更新对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-76" name="__codelineno-11-76" href="#__codelineno-11-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-77" name="__codelineno-11-77" href="#__codelineno-11-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-78" name="__codelineno-11-78" href="#__codelineno-11-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-79" name="__codelineno-11-79" href="#__codelineno-11-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-80" name="__codelineno-11-80" href="#__codelineno-11-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-81" name="__codelineno-11-81" href="#__codelineno-11-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-82" name="__codelineno-11-82" href="#__codelineno-11-82"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-83" name="__codelineno-11-83" href="#__codelineno-11-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 删除操作 */</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-84" name="__codelineno-11-84" href="#__codelineno-11-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-85" name="__codelineno-11-85" href="#__codelineno-11-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-86" name="__codelineno-11-86" href="#__codelineno-11-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-87" name="__codelineno-11-87" href="#__codelineno-11-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-88" name="__codelineno-11-88" href="#__codelineno-11-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-89" name="__codelineno-11-89" href="#__codelineno-11-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-90" name="__codelineno-11-90" href="#__codelineno-11-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到空桶，说明无此 key ，则直接返回</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-91" name="__codelineno-11-91" href="#__codelineno-11-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-92" name="__codelineno-11-92" href="#__codelineno-11-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-93" name="__codelineno-11-93" href="#__codelineno-11-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-94" name="__codelineno-11-94" href="#__codelineno-11-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到指定 key ，则标记删除并返回</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-95" name="__codelineno-11-95" href="#__codelineno-11-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-96" name="__codelineno-11-96" href="#__codelineno-11-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-97" name="__codelineno-11-97" href="#__codelineno-11-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-98" name="__codelineno-11-98" href="#__codelineno-11-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-99" name="__codelineno-11-99" href="#__codelineno-11-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-100" name="__codelineno-11-100" href="#__codelineno-11-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-101" name="__codelineno-11-101" href="#__codelineno-11-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-102" name="__codelineno-11-102" href="#__codelineno-11-102"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-103" name="__codelineno-11-103" href="#__codelineno-11-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 扩容哈希表 */</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-104" name="__codelineno-11-104" href="#__codelineno-11-104"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-105" name="__codelineno-11-105" href="#__codelineno-11-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 暂存原哈希表</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-106" name="__codelineno-11-106" href="#__codelineno-11-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-107" name="__codelineno-11-107" href="#__codelineno-11-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-108" name="__codelineno-11-108" href="#__codelineno-11-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-109" name="__codelineno-11-109" href="#__codelineno-11-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-110" name="__codelineno-11-110" href="#__codelineno-11-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-111" name="__codelineno-11-111" href="#__codelineno-11-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-112" name="__codelineno-11-112" href="#__codelineno-11-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-113" name="__codelineno-11-113" href="#__codelineno-11-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-114" name="__codelineno-11-114" href="#__codelineno-11-114"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-115" name="__codelineno-11-115" href="#__codelineno-11-115"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-116" name="__codelineno-11-116" href="#__codelineno-11-116"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-117" name="__codelineno-11-117" href="#__codelineno-11-117"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-118" name="__codelineno-11-118" href="#__codelineno-11-118"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-119" name="__codelineno-11-119" href="#__codelineno-11-119"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 打印哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-120" name="__codelineno-11-120" href="#__codelineno-11-120"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-121" name="__codelineno-11-121" href="#__codelineno-11-121"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-122" name="__codelineno-11-122" href="#__codelineno-11-122"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-123" name="__codelineno-11-123" href="#__codelineno-11-123"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" -> "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-124" name="__codelineno-11-124" href="#__codelineno-11-124"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-125" name="__codelineno-11-125" href="#__codelineno-11-125"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"null"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-126" name="__codelineno-11-126" href="#__codelineno-11-126"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-127" name="__codelineno-11-127" href="#__codelineno-11-127"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-128" name="__codelineno-11-128" href="#__codelineno-11-128"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-129" name="__codelineno-11-129" href="#__codelineno-11-129"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 键值对 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="cm">/* 开放寻址哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 键值对数量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表容量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 触发扩容的负载因子阈值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 扩容倍数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除标记</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 构造方法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-24" name="__codelineno-12-24" href="#__codelineno-12-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-25" name="__codelineno-12-25" href="#__codelineno-12-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-26" name="__codelineno-12-26" href="#__codelineno-12-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-27" name="__codelineno-12-27" href="#__codelineno-12-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-28" name="__codelineno-12-28" href="#__codelineno-12-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-29" name="__codelineno-12-29" href="#__codelineno-12-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"-1"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-30" name="__codelineno-12-30" href="#__codelineno-12-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-31" name="__codelineno-12-31" href="#__codelineno-12-31"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-32" name="__codelineno-12-32" href="#__codelineno-12-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 哈希函数 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-33" name="__codelineno-12-33" href="#__codelineno-12-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-34" name="__codelineno-12-34" href="#__codelineno-12-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-35" name="__codelineno-12-35" href="#__codelineno-12-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-36" name="__codelineno-12-36" href="#__codelineno-12-36"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-37" name="__codelineno-12-37" href="#__codelineno-12-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 负载因子 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-38" name="__codelineno-12-38" href="#__codelineno-12-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-39" name="__codelineno-12-39" href="#__codelineno-12-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">static_cast</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-40" name="__codelineno-12-40" href="#__codelineno-12-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-41" name="__codelineno-12-41" href="#__codelineno-12-41"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-42" name="__codelineno-12-42" href="#__codelineno-12-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 查询操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-43" name="__codelineno-12-43" href="#__codelineno-12-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-44" name="__codelineno-12-44" href="#__codelineno-12-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-45" name="__codelineno-12-45" href="#__codelineno-12-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-46" name="__codelineno-12-46" href="#__codelineno-12-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-47" name="__codelineno-12-47" href="#__codelineno-12-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-48" name="__codelineno-12-48" href="#__codelineno-12-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-49" name="__codelineno-12-49" href="#__codelineno-12-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到空桶，说明无此 key ，则返回 nullptr</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-50" name="__codelineno-12-50" href="#__codelineno-12-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-51" name="__codelineno-12-51" href="#__codelineno-12-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-52" name="__codelineno-12-52" href="#__codelineno-12-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到指定 key ，则返回对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-53" name="__codelineno-12-53" href="#__codelineno-12-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-54" name="__codelineno-12-54" href="#__codelineno-12-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-55" name="__codelineno-12-55" href="#__codelineno-12-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-56" name="__codelineno-12-56" href="#__codelineno-12-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-57" name="__codelineno-12-57" href="#__codelineno-12-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-58" name="__codelineno-12-58" href="#__codelineno-12-58"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-59" name="__codelineno-12-59" href="#__codelineno-12-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 添加操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-60" name="__codelineno-12-60" href="#__codelineno-12-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-61" name="__codelineno-12-61" href="#__codelineno-12-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-62" name="__codelineno-12-62" href="#__codelineno-12-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loadFactor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">loadThres</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-63" name="__codelineno-12-63" href="#__codelineno-12-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-64" name="__codelineno-12-64" href="#__codelineno-12-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-65" name="__codelineno-12-65" href="#__codelineno-12-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-66" name="__codelineno-12-66" href="#__codelineno-12-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-67" name="__codelineno-12-67" href="#__codelineno-12-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-68" name="__codelineno-12-68" href="#__codelineno-12-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-69" name="__codelineno-12-69" href="#__codelineno-12-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶，则将键值对放入该桶</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-70" name="__codelineno-12-70" href="#__codelineno-12-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-71" name="__codelineno-12-71" href="#__codelineno-12-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-72" name="__codelineno-12-72" href="#__codelineno-12-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-73" name="__codelineno-12-73" href="#__codelineno-12-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-74" name="__codelineno-12-74" href="#__codelineno-12-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-75" name="__codelineno-12-75" href="#__codelineno-12-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到指定 key ，则更新对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-76" name="__codelineno-12-76" href="#__codelineno-12-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-77" name="__codelineno-12-77" href="#__codelineno-12-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-78" name="__codelineno-12-78" href="#__codelineno-12-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-79" name="__codelineno-12-79" href="#__codelineno-12-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-80" name="__codelineno-12-80" href="#__codelineno-12-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-81" name="__codelineno-12-81" href="#__codelineno-12-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-82" name="__codelineno-12-82" href="#__codelineno-12-82"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-83" name="__codelineno-12-83" href="#__codelineno-12-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 删除操作 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-84" name="__codelineno-12-84" href="#__codelineno-12-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-85" name="__codelineno-12-85" href="#__codelineno-12-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-86" name="__codelineno-12-86" href="#__codelineno-12-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-87" name="__codelineno-12-87" href="#__codelineno-12-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-88" name="__codelineno-12-88" href="#__codelineno-12-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-89" name="__codelineno-12-89" href="#__codelineno-12-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-90" name="__codelineno-12-90" href="#__codelineno-12-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到空桶，说明无此 key ，则直接返回</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-91" name="__codelineno-12-91" href="#__codelineno-12-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-92" name="__codelineno-12-92" href="#__codelineno-12-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-93" name="__codelineno-12-93" href="#__codelineno-12-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若遇到指定 key ，则标记删除并返回</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-94" name="__codelineno-12-94" href="#__codelineno-12-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-95" name="__codelineno-12-95" href="#__codelineno-12-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 释放内存</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-96" name="__codelineno-12-96" href="#__codelineno-12-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-97" name="__codelineno-12-97" href="#__codelineno-12-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-98" name="__codelineno-12-98" href="#__codelineno-12-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-99" name="__codelineno-12-99" href="#__codelineno-12-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-100" name="__codelineno-12-100" href="#__codelineno-12-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-101" name="__codelineno-12-101" href="#__codelineno-12-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-102" name="__codelineno-12-102" href="#__codelineno-12-102"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-103" name="__codelineno-12-103" href="#__codelineno-12-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 扩容哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-104" name="__codelineno-12-104" href="#__codelineno-12-104"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-105" name="__codelineno-12-105" href="#__codelineno-12-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 暂存原哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-106" name="__codelineno-12-106" href="#__codelineno-12-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-107" name="__codelineno-12-107" href="#__codelineno-12-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-108" name="__codelineno-12-108" href="#__codelineno-12-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-109" name="__codelineno-12-109" href="#__codelineno-12-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-110" name="__codelineno-12-110" href="#__codelineno-12-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-111" name="__codelineno-12-111" href="#__codelineno-12-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-112" name="__codelineno-12-112" href="#__codelineno-12-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketsTmp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-113" name="__codelineno-12-113" href="#__codelineno-12-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-114" name="__codelineno-12-114" href="#__codelineno-12-114"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-115" name="__codelineno-12-115" href="#__codelineno-12-115"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-116" name="__codelineno-12-116" href="#__codelineno-12-116"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-117" name="__codelineno-12-117" href="#__codelineno-12-117"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-12-118" name="__codelineno-12-118" href="#__codelineno-12-118"></a>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-12-119" name="__codelineno-12-119" href="#__codelineno-12-119"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 打印哈希表 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-120" name="__codelineno-12-120" href="#__codelineno-12-120"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-121" name="__codelineno-12-121" href="#__codelineno-12-121"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-122" name="__codelineno-12-122" href="#__codelineno-12-122"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-123" name="__codelineno-12-123" href="#__codelineno-12-123"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" -> "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-124" name="__codelineno-12-124" href="#__codelineno-12-124"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-125" name="__codelineno-12-125" href="#__codelineno-12-125"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"nullptr"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-126" name="__codelineno-12-126" href="#__codelineno-12-126"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-127" name="__codelineno-12-127" href="#__codelineno-12-127"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-128" name="__codelineno-12-128" href="#__codelineno-12-128"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-129" name="__codelineno-12-129" href="#__codelineno-12-129"></a><span class="p">};</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Pair</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""键值对"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">key</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""开放寻址哈希表"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""构造方法"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1"># 键值对数量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1"># 哈希表容量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_thres</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="c1"># 触发扩容的负载因子阈值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># 扩容倍数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Pair</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span> <span class="c1"># 桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">removed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"-1"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 删除标记</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""哈希函数"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-24" name="__codelineno-13-24" href="#__codelineno-13-24"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load_factor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-25" name="__codelineno-13-25" href="#__codelineno-13-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""负载因子"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-26" name="__codelineno-13-26" href="#__codelineno-13-26"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-27" name="__codelineno-13-27" href="#__codelineno-13-27"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-28" name="__codelineno-13-28" href="#__codelineno-13-28"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-29" name="__codelineno-13-29" href="#__codelineno-13-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""查询操作"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-30" name="__codelineno-13-30" href="#__codelineno-13-30"></a> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-31" name="__codelineno-13-31" href="#__codelineno-13-31"></a> <span class="c1"># 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-32" name="__codelineno-13-32" href="#__codelineno-13-32"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-33" name="__codelineno-13-33" href="#__codelineno-13-33"></a> <span class="c1"># 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-34" name="__codelineno-13-34" href="#__codelineno-13-34"></a> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-35" name="__codelineno-13-35" href="#__codelineno-13-35"></a> <span class="c1"># 若遇到空桶，说明无此 key ，则返回 None</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-36" name="__codelineno-13-36" href="#__codelineno-13-36"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-37" name="__codelineno-13-37" href="#__codelineno-13-37"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-38" name="__codelineno-13-38" href="#__codelineno-13-38"></a> <span class="c1"># 若遇到指定 key ，则返回对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-39" name="__codelineno-13-39" href="#__codelineno-13-39"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-40" name="__codelineno-13-40" href="#__codelineno-13-40"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-41" name="__codelineno-13-41" href="#__codelineno-13-41"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-42" name="__codelineno-13-42" href="#__codelineno-13-42"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-43" name="__codelineno-13-43" href="#__codelineno-13-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""添加操作"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-44" name="__codelineno-13-44" href="#__codelineno-13-44"></a> <span class="c1"># 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-45" name="__codelineno-13-45" href="#__codelineno-13-45"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_factor</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_thres</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-46" name="__codelineno-13-46" href="#__codelineno-13-46"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-47" name="__codelineno-13-47" href="#__codelineno-13-47"></a> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-48" name="__codelineno-13-48" href="#__codelineno-13-48"></a> <span class="c1"># 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-49" name="__codelineno-13-49" href="#__codelineno-13-49"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-50" name="__codelineno-13-50" href="#__codelineno-13-50"></a> <span class="c1"># 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-51" name="__codelineno-13-51" href="#__codelineno-13-51"></a> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-52" name="__codelineno-13-52" href="#__codelineno-13-52"></a> <span class="c1"># 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶，则将键值对放入该桶</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-53" name="__codelineno-13-53" href="#__codelineno-13-53"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">]:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-54" name="__codelineno-13-54" href="#__codelineno-13-54"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-55" name="__codelineno-13-55" href="#__codelineno-13-55"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-56" name="__codelineno-13-56" href="#__codelineno-13-56"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-57" name="__codelineno-13-57" href="#__codelineno-13-57"></a> <span class="c1"># 若遇到指定 key ，则更新对应 val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-58" name="__codelineno-13-58" href="#__codelineno-13-58"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-59" name="__codelineno-13-59" href="#__codelineno-13-59"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-60" name="__codelineno-13-60" href="#__codelineno-13-60"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-61" name="__codelineno-13-61" href="#__codelineno-13-61"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-62" name="__codelineno-13-62" href="#__codelineno-13-62"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-63" name="__codelineno-13-63" href="#__codelineno-13-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""删除操作"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-64" name="__codelineno-13-64" href="#__codelineno-13-64"></a> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-65" name="__codelineno-13-65" href="#__codelineno-13-65"></a> <span class="c1"># 线性探测，从 index 开始向后遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-66" name="__codelineno-13-66" href="#__codelineno-13-66"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-67" name="__codelineno-13-67" href="#__codelineno-13-67"></a> <span class="c1"># 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-68" name="__codelineno-13-68" href="#__codelineno-13-68"></a> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-69" name="__codelineno-13-69" href="#__codelineno-13-69"></a> <span class="c1"># 若遇到空桶，说明无此 key ，则直接返回</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-70" name="__codelineno-13-70" href="#__codelineno-13-70"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-71" name="__codelineno-13-71" href="#__codelineno-13-71"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-72" name="__codelineno-13-72" href="#__codelineno-13-72"></a> <span class="c1"># 若遇到指定 key ，则标记删除并返回</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-73" name="__codelineno-13-73" href="#__codelineno-13-73"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-74" name="__codelineno-13-74" href="#__codelineno-13-74"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">removed</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-75" name="__codelineno-13-75" href="#__codelineno-13-75"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-76" name="__codelineno-13-76" href="#__codelineno-13-76"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-77" name="__codelineno-13-77" href="#__codelineno-13-77"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-78" name="__codelineno-13-78" href="#__codelineno-13-78"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-79" name="__codelineno-13-79" href="#__codelineno-13-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""扩容哈希表"""</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-80" name="__codelineno-13-80" href="#__codelineno-13-80"></a> <span class="c1"># 暂存原哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-81" name="__codelineno-13-81" href="#__codelineno-13-81"></a> <span class="n">buckets_tmp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-82" name="__codelineno-13-82" href="#__codelineno-13-82"></a> <span class="c1"># 初始化扩容后的新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-83" name="__codelineno-13-83" href="#__codelineno-13-83"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span> <span class="o">*=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-84" name="__codelineno-13-84" href="#__codelineno-13-84"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-85" name="__codelineno-13-85" href="#__codelineno-13-85"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-86" name="__codelineno-13-86" href="#__codelineno-13-86"></a> <span class="c1"># 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-87" name="__codelineno-13-87" href="#__codelineno-13-87"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">buckets_tmp</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-88" name="__codelineno-13-88" href="#__codelineno-13-88"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">removed</span><span class="p">]:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-89" name="__codelineno-13-89" href="#__codelineno-13-89"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-90" name="__codelineno-13-90" href="#__codelineno-13-90"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-91" name="__codelineno-13-91" href="#__codelineno-13-91"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-92" name="__codelineno-13-92" href="#__codelineno-13-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""打印哈希表"""</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-93" name="__codelineno-13-93" href="#__codelineno-13-93"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-94" name="__codelineno-13-94" href="#__codelineno-13-94"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-13-95" name="__codelineno-13-95" href="#__codelineno-13-95"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"->"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-96" name="__codelineno-13-96" href="#__codelineno-13-96"></a> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-13-97" name="__codelineno-13-97" href="#__codelineno-13-97"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"None"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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|
</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">hashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
|
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|
</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
|
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|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">hashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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|
</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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|
</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_open_addressing.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">HashMapOpenAddressing</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3 id="_2">多次哈希<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>顾名思义，多次哈希方法是使用多个哈希函数 <span class="arithmatex">\(f_1(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(f_2(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(f_3(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\cdots\)</span> 进行探测。</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li><strong>插入元素</strong>：若哈希函数 <span class="arithmatex">\(f_1(x)\)</span> 出现冲突，则尝试 <span class="arithmatex">\(f_2(x)\)</span> ，以此类推，直到找到空位后插入元素。</li>
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|
<li><strong>查找元素</strong>：在相同的哈希函数顺序下进行查找，直到找到目标元素时返回；或遇到空位或已尝试所有哈希函数，说明哈希表中不存在该元素，则返回 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 。</li>
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|
|
</ul>
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|
<p>与线性探测相比，多次哈希方法不易产生聚集，但多个哈希函数会增加额外的计算量。</p>
|
|
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<div class="admonition note">
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|
<p class="admonition-title">编程语言的选择</p>
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|
|
<p>Java 采用链式地址。自 JDK 1.8 以来，当 HashMap 内数组长度达到 64 且链表长度达到 8 时，链表会被转换为红黑树以提升查找性能。</p>
|
|
|
<p>Python 采用开放寻址。字典 dict 使用伪随机数进行探测。</p>
|
|
|
<p>Golang 采用链式地址。Go 规定每个桶最多存储 8 个键值对，超出容量则连接一个溢出桶；当溢出桶过多时，会执行一次特殊的等量扩容操作，以确保性能。</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="__comments">评论</h2>
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