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hello-algo/codes/c/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_ii.c

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/**
* File: subset_sum_ii.c
* Created Time: 2023-07-29
* Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */
void backtrack(vector *state, int target, vector *choices, int start, vector *res) {
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
if (target == 0) {
vector *tmpVector = newVector();
for (int i = 0; i < state->size; i++) {
vectorPushback(tmpVector, state->data[i], sizeof(int));
}
vectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));
return;
}
// 遍历所有选择
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
for (int i = start; i < choices->size; i++) {
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
if (target - *(int *)(choices->data[i]) < 0) {
continue;
}
// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
if (i > start && *(int *)(choices->data[i]) == *(int *)(choices->data[i - 1])) {
continue;
}
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
vectorPushback(state, choices->data[i], sizeof(int));
// 进行下一轮选择
backtrack(state, target - *(int *)(choices->data[i]), choices, i + 1, res);
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
vectorPopback(state);
}
}
/* 比较规则 */
int comp(const void *a, const void *b) {
return *(int *)a - *(int *)b;
}
/* 求解子集和 II */
vector *subsetSumII(vector *nums, int target) {
vector *state = newVector(); // 状态(子集)
qsort(nums->data, nums->size, sizeof(int *), comp); // 对 nums 进行排序
int start = 0; // 子集和
vector *res = newVector(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
return res;
}
/* 打印向量中的元素 */
void printFunc(vector *v, void *p) {
int *node = p;
printf("%d", *node);
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
int nums[] = {4, 4, 5};
vector *iNums = newVector();
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]); i++) {
vectorPushback(iNums, &nums[i], sizeof(int));
}
int target = 9;
vector *res = subsetSumII(iNums, target);
printf("输入数组 nums = ");
printVector(iNums, printFunc);
printf("target = %d\n", target);
printf("所有和等于 %d 的子集 res = \r\n", target);
printVectorMatrix(res, printFunc);
delVector(iNums);
delVector(res);
return 0;
}