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84 lines
2.8 KiB
84 lines
2.8 KiB
/**
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* File: subset_sum_ii.c
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* Created Time: 2023-07-29
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* Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.h"
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */
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void backtrack(vector *state, int target, vector *choices, int start, vector *res) {
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// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if (target == 0) {
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vector *tmpVector = newVector();
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for (int i = 0; i < state->size; i++) {
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vectorPushback(tmpVector, state->data[i], sizeof(int));
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}
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vectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));
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return;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
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for (int i = start; i < choices->size; i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if (target - *(int *)(choices->data[i]) < 0) {
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continue;
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}
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// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
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if (i > start && *(int *)(choices->data[i]) == *(int *)(choices->data[i - 1])) {
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continue;
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}
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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vectorPushback(state, choices->data[i], sizeof(int));
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// 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - *(int *)(choices->data[i]), choices, i + 1, res);
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// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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vectorPopback(state);
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}
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}
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/* 比较规则 */
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int comp(const void *a, const void *b) {
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return *(int *)a - *(int *)b;
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}
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/* 求解子集和 II */
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vector *subsetSumII(vector *nums, int target) {
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vector *state = newVector(); // 状态(子集)
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qsort(nums->data, nums->size, sizeof(int *), comp); // 对 nums 进行排序
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int start = 0; // 子集和
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vector *res = newVector(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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/* 打印向量中的元素 */
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void printFunc(vector *v, void *p) {
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int *node = p;
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printf("%d", *node);
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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int nums[] = {4, 4, 5};
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vector *iNums = newVector();
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for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]); i++) {
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vectorPushback(iNums, &nums[i], sizeof(int));
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}
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int target = 9;
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vector *res = subsetSumII(iNums, target);
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printf("输入数组 nums = ");
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printVector(iNums, printFunc);
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printf("target = %d\n", target);
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printf("所有和等于 %d 的子集 res = \r\n", target);
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printVectorMatrix(res, printFunc);
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delVector(iNums);
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delVector(res);
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return 0;
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}
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