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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/ruby/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.rb

148 lines
3.9 KiB

=begin
File: hash_map_open_addressing.rb
Created Time: 2024-04-13
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
require_relative './array_hash_map'
### 開放定址雜湊表 ###
class HashMapOpenAddressing
TOMBSTONE = Pair.new(-1, '-1') # 刪除標記
### 建構子 ###
def initialize
@size = 0 # 鍵值對數量
@capacity = 4 # 雜湊表容量
@load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0 # 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
@extend_ratio = 2 # 擴容倍數
@buckets = Array.new(@capacity) # 桶陣列
end
### 雜湊函式 ###
def hash_func(key)
key % @capacity
end
### 負載因子 ###
def load_factor
@size / @capacity
end
### 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 ###
def find_bucket(key)
index = hash_func(key)
first_tombstone = -1
# 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
while !@buckets[index].nil?
# 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
if @buckets[index].key == key
# 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
if first_tombstone != -1
@buckets[first_tombstone] = @buckets[index]
@buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
return first_tombstone # 返回移動後的桶索引
end
return index # 返回桶索引
end
# 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
first_tombstone = index if first_tombstone == -1 && @buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE
# 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
index = (index + 1) % @capacity
end
# 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
first_tombstone == -1 ? index : first_tombstone
end
### 查詢操作 ###
def get(key)
# 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
index = find_bucket(key)
# 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
return @buckets[index].val unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
# 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 nil
nil
end
### 新增操作 ###
def put(key, val)
# 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
extend if load_factor > @load_thres
# 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
index = find_bucket(key)
# 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 開返回
unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
@buckets[index].val = val
return
end
# 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
@buckets[index] = Pair.new(key, val)
@size += 1
end
### 刪除操作 ###
def remove(key)
# 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
index = find_bucket(key)
# 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
@buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
@size -= 1
end
end
### 擴容雜湊表 ###
def extend
# 暫存原雜湊表
buckets_tmp = @buckets
# 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
@capacity *= @extend_ratio
@buckets = Array.new(@capacity)
@size = 0
# 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
for pair in buckets_tmp
put(pair.key, pair.val) unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(pair)
end
end
### 列印雜湊表 ###
def print
for pair in @buckets
if pair.nil?
puts "Nil"
elsif pair == TOMBSTONE
puts "TOMBSTONE"
else
puts "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
end
end
end
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
# 初始化雜湊表
hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing.new
# 新增操作
# 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, val)
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
hashmap.put(15937, "小囉")
hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
hashmap.put(10583, "小鴨")
puts "\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value"
hashmap.print
# 查詢操作
# 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 val
name = hashmap.get(13276)
puts "\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 #{name}"
# 刪除操作
# 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, val)
hashmap.remove(16750)
puts "\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value"
hashmap.print
end