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krahets/hello-algo
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</div>
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</a>
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</div>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
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0. 写在前面
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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0. 写在前面
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/about_the_book/" class="md-nav__link">
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0.1. 关于本书
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/suggestions/" class="md-nav__link">
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0.2. 如何使用本书
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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0.3. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
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1. 引言
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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1. 引言
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/" class="md-nav__link">
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1.1. 算法无处不在
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/" class="md-nav__link">
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1.2. 算法是什么
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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1.3. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
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2. 复杂度分析
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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2. 复杂度分析
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.1. 算法效率评估
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.2. 时间复杂度
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.3. 空间复杂度
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_time_tradeoff/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.4. 权衡时间与空间
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.5. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
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3. 数据结构简介
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
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|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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3. 数据结构简介
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/data_and_memory/" class="md-nav__link">
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3.1. 数据与内存
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
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3.2. 数据结构分类
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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3.3. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
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4. 数组与链表
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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4. 数组与链表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.1. 数组
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.2. 链表
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.3. 列表
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
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5. 栈与队列
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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5. 栈与队列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.1. 栈
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.2. 队列
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.3. 双向队列
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
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6. 散列表
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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6. 散列表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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6.1. 哈希表
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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6.2. 哈希冲突处理
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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6.3. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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7. 树
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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7. 树
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.1. 二叉树
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.2. 二叉树遍历
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.3. 二叉搜索树
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.4. AVL 树 *
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.5. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" checked>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
8. 堆
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
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8. 堆
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
|
8.1. 堆
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
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</label>
|
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|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
8.1. 堆
|
|
|
</a>
|
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
目录
|
|
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</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#811" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
8.1.1. 堆术语与性质
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
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<a href="#812" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
8.1.2. 堆常用操作
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#813" class="md-nav__link">
|
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8.1.3. 堆的实现
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="8.1.3. 堆的实现">
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
堆的存储与表示
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
访问堆顶元素
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
元素入堆
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
堆顶元素出堆
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#814" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
8.1.4. 堆常见应用
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
8.2. 建堆操作 *
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
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8.3. 小结
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
9. 图
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
9. 图
|
|
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</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
9.1. 图
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
9.2. 图基础操作
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
9.3. 图的遍历（New）
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
9.4. 小结
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
10. 查找算法
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
10. 查找算法
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_searching/linear_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.1. 线性查找
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.2. 二分查找
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_searching/hashing_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.3. 哈希查找
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.4. 小结
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
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11. 排序算法
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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11. 排序算法
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/intro_to_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.1. 排序简介
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.2. 冒泡排序
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.3. 插入排序
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.4. 快速排序
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.5. 归并排序
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.6. 桶排序（New）
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.7. 计数排序（New）
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.8. 基数排序（New）
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.9. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</nav>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
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12. 附录
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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12. 附录
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_appendix/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
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12.1. 编程环境安装
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_appendix/contribution/" class="md-nav__link">
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12.2. 一起参与创作
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</a>
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</li>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
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<a href="../../chapter_reference/">参考文献</a>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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参考文献
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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目录
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#811" class="md-nav__link">
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8.1.1. 堆术语与性质
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#812" class="md-nav__link">
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8.1.2. 堆常用操作
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#813" class="md-nav__link">
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8.1.3. 堆的实现
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="8.1.3. 堆的实现">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
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堆的存储与表示
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
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访问堆顶元素
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
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元素入堆
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
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堆顶元素出堆
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#814" class="md-nav__link">
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8.1.4. 堆常见应用
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/docs/chapter_heap/heap.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"/></svg>
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</a>
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<h1 id="81">8.1. 堆<a class="headerlink" href="#81" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>「堆 Heap」是一棵限定条件下的「完全二叉树」。根据成立条件，堆主要分为两种类型：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>「大顶堆 Max Heap」，任意结点的值 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> 其子结点的值；</li>
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<li>「小顶堆 Min Heap」，任意结点的值 <span class="arithmatex">\(\leq\)</span> 其子结点的值；</li>
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</ul>
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|
|
<p><img alt="小顶堆与大顶堆" src="../heap.assets/min_heap_and_max_heap.png" /></p>
|
|
|
<p align="center"> Fig. 小顶堆与大顶堆 </p>
|
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|
<h2 id="811">8.1.1. 堆术语与性质<a class="headerlink" href="#811" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<ul>
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|
<li>由于堆是完全二叉树，因此最底层结点靠左填充，其它层结点皆被填满。</li>
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<li>二叉树中的根结点对应「堆顶」，底层最靠右结点对应「堆底」。</li>
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<li>对于大顶堆 / 小顶堆，其堆顶元素（即根结点）的值最大 / 最小。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="812">8.1.2. 堆常用操作<a class="headerlink" href="#812" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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|
<p>值得说明的是，多数编程语言提供的是「优先队列 Priority Queue」，其是一种抽象数据结构，<strong>定义为具有出队优先级的队列</strong>。</p>
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<p>而恰好，<strong>堆的定义与优先队列的操作逻辑完全吻合</strong>，大顶堆就是一个元素从大到小出队的优先队列。从使用角度看，我们可以将「优先队列」和「堆」理解为等价的数据结构。因此，本文与代码对两者不做特别区分，统一使用「堆」来命名。</p>
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<p>堆的常用操作见下表，方法名需根据编程语言确定。</p>
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|
|
<div class="center-table">
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>方法名</th>
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<th>描述</th>
|
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<th>时间复杂度</th>
|
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>push()</td>
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<td>元素入堆</td>
|
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<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>pop()</td>
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<td>堆顶元素出堆</td>
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<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>peek()</td>
|
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<td>访问堆顶元素（大 / 小顶堆分别为最大 / 小值）</td>
|
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<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>size()</td>
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<td>获取堆的元素数量</td>
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<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>isEmpty()</td>
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<td>判断堆是否为空</td>
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<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>我们可以直接使用编程语言提供的堆类（或优先队列类）。</p>
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|
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<div class="admonition tip">
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<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
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|
|
<p>类似于排序中“从小到大排列”和“从大到小排列”，“大顶堆”和“小顶堆”可仅通过修改 Comparator 来互相转换。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="c1">// 初始化小顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="c1">// 初始化大顶堆（使用 lambda 表达式修改 Comparator 即可）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="cm">/* 堆顶元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="c1">// 出堆元素会形成一个从大到小的序列</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取堆大小 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断堆是否为空 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 输入列表并建堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">asList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">));</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="c1">// 初始化小顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="n">priority_queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greater</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="c1">// 初始化大顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">priority_queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">less</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="cm">/* 堆顶元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="c1">// 出堆元素会形成一个从大到小的序列</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取堆大小 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断堆是否为空 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 输入列表并建堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a><span class="n">priority_queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greater</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">());</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="c1"># 初始化小顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[],</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="c1"># 初始化大顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[],</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="c1"># Python 的 heapq 模块默认实现小顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="c1"># 考虑将“元素取负”后再入堆，这样就可以将大小关系颠倒，从而实现大顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="c1"># 在本示例中，flag = 1 时对应小顶堆，flag = -1 时对应大顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="sd">""" 元素入堆 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="sd">""" 获取堆顶元素 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="sd">""" 堆顶元素出堆 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="c1"># 出堆元素会形成一个从大到小的序列</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 4</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="sd">""" 获取堆大小 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a><span class="sd">""" 判断堆是否为空 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">max_heap</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-33" name="__codelineno-2-33" href="#__codelineno-2-33"></a><span class="sd">""" 输入列表并建堆 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-35" name="__codelineno-2-35" href="#__codelineno-2-35"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heapify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="c1">// Go 语言中可以通过实现 heap.Interface 来构建整数大顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="c1">// 实现 heap.Interface 需要同时实现 sort.Interface</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">any</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="c1">// Push heap.Interface 的方法，实现推入元素到堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Push 和 Pop 使用 pointer receiver 作为参数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 因为它们不仅会对切片的内容进行调整，还会修改切片的长度。</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">x</span><span class="p">.(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="c1">// Pop heap.Interface 的方法，实现弹出堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 待出堆元素存放在最后</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">last</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="c1">// Len sort.Interface 的方法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="c1">// Less sort.Interface 的方法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Less</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 如果实现小顶堆，则需要调整为小于号</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a><span class="c1">// Swap sort.Interface 的方法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-32" name="__codelineno-3-32" href="#__codelineno-3-32"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-33" name="__codelineno-3-33" href="#__codelineno-3-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-34" name="__codelineno-3-34" href="#__codelineno-3-34"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-35" name="__codelineno-3-35" href="#__codelineno-3-35"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-36" name="__codelineno-3-36" href="#__codelineno-3-36"></a><span class="c1">// Top 获取堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-37" name="__codelineno-3-37" href="#__codelineno-3-37"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-38" name="__codelineno-3-38" href="#__codelineno-3-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-39" name="__codelineno-3-39" href="#__codelineno-3-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-40" name="__codelineno-3-40" href="#__codelineno-3-40"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-41" name="__codelineno-3-41" href="#__codelineno-3-41"></a><span class="cm">/* Driver Code */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-42" name="__codelineno-3-42" href="#__codelineno-3-42"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TestHeap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">testing</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-43" name="__codelineno-3-43" href="#__codelineno-3-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 初始化堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-44" name="__codelineno-3-44" href="#__codelineno-3-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化大顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-45" name="__codelineno-3-45" href="#__codelineno-3-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-46" name="__codelineno-3-46" href="#__codelineno-3-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-47" name="__codelineno-3-47" href="#__codelineno-3-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-48" name="__codelineno-3-48" href="#__codelineno-3-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 调用 heap.Interface 的方法，来添加元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-49" name="__codelineno-3-49" href="#__codelineno-3-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-50" name="__codelineno-3-50" href="#__codelineno-3-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-51" name="__codelineno-3-51" href="#__codelineno-3-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-52" name="__codelineno-3-52" href="#__codelineno-3-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-53" name="__codelineno-3-53" href="#__codelineno-3-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-54" name="__codelineno-3-54" href="#__codelineno-3-54"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-3-55" name="__codelineno-3-55" href="#__codelineno-3-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-56" name="__codelineno-3-56" href="#__codelineno-3-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Top</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-57" name="__codelineno-3-57" href="#__codelineno-3-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"堆顶元素为 %d\n"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">top</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-58" name="__codelineno-3-58" href="#__codelineno-3-58"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-59" name="__codelineno-3-59" href="#__codelineno-3-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 堆顶元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-60" name="__codelineno-3-60" href="#__codelineno-3-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 调用 heap.Interface 的方法，来移除元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-61" name="__codelineno-3-61" href="#__codelineno-3-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-62" name="__codelineno-3-62" href="#__codelineno-3-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-63" name="__codelineno-3-63" href="#__codelineno-3-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-64" name="__codelineno-3-64" href="#__codelineno-3-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-65" name="__codelineno-3-65" href="#__codelineno-3-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-66" name="__codelineno-3-66" href="#__codelineno-3-66"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-67" name="__codelineno-3-67" href="#__codelineno-3-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取堆大小 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-68" name="__codelineno-3-68" href="#__codelineno-3-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-69" name="__codelineno-3-69" href="#__codelineno-3-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"堆元素数量为 %d\n"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-70" name="__codelineno-3-70" href="#__codelineno-3-70"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-71" name="__codelineno-3-71" href="#__codelineno-3-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 判断堆是否为空 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-72" name="__codelineno-3-72" href="#__codelineno-3-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-73" name="__codelineno-3-73" href="#__codelineno-3-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"堆是否为空 %t\n"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-74" name="__codelineno-3-74" href="#__codelineno-3-74"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScript 未提供内置 Heap 类</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScript 未提供内置 Heap 类</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 初始化堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="c1">// 初始化小顶堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="c1">// 初始化大顶堆（使用 lambda 表达式修改 Comparator 即可）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Comparer</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Create</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="c1">//5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="cm">/* 堆顶元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="c1">// 出堆元素会形成一个从大到小的序列</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取堆大小 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="cm">/* 判断堆是否为空 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 输入列表并建堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="c1">// Swift 未提供内置 Heap 类</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="813">8.1.3. 堆的实现<a class="headerlink" href="#813" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>下文实现的是「大顶堆」，若想转换为「小顶堆」，将所有大小逻辑判断取逆（例如将 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> 替换为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\leq\)</span> ）即可，有兴趣的同学可自行实现。</p>
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<h3 id="_1">堆的存储与表示<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>在二叉树章节我们学过，「完全二叉树」非常适合使用「数组」来表示，而堆恰好是一棵完全二叉树，<strong>因而我们采用「数组」来存储「堆」</strong>。</p>
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<p><strong>二叉树指针</strong>。使用数组表示二叉树时，元素代表结点值，索引代表结点在二叉树中的位置，<strong>而结点指针通过索引映射公式来实现</strong>。</p>
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<p>具体地，给定索引 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> ，那么其左子结点索引为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2i + 1\)</span> 、右子结点索引为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2i + 2\)</span> 、父结点索引为 <span class="arithmatex">\((i - 1) / 2\)</span> （向下整除）。当索引越界时，代表空结点或结点不存在。</p>
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<p><img alt="堆的表示与存储" src="../heap.assets/representation_of_heap.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 堆的表示与存储 </p>
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<p>我们将索引映射公式封装成函数，以便后续使用。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取左子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取右子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取父结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 向下整除</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取左子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取右子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取父结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 向下取整</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 获取左子结点索引 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 获取右子结点索引 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 获取父结点索引 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># 向下整除</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取左子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取右子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取父结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 向下整除</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取左子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取右子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取父结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 向下整除</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取左子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取右子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取父结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 向下整除</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取左子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取右子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取父结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 向下整除</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取左子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取右子结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取父结点索引 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">// 向下整除</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="c1">// 获取左子结点索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="c1">// 获取右子结点索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="c1">// 获取父结点索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@divFloor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-19-15" name="__codelineno-19-15" href="#__codelineno-19-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3 id="_2">访问堆顶元素<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>堆顶元素是二叉树的根结点，即列表首元素。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 访问堆顶元素 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问堆顶元素 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问堆顶元素 */</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 访问堆顶元素 */</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="c1">// 访问堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3 id="_3">元素入堆<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>给定元素 <code>val</code> ，我们先将其添加到堆底。添加后，由于 <code>val</code> 可能大于堆中其它元素，此时堆的成立条件可能已经被破坏，<strong>因此需要修复从插入结点到根结点这条路径上的各个结点</strong>，该操作被称为「堆化 Heapify」。</p>
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<p>考虑从入堆结点开始，<strong>从底至顶执行堆化</strong>。具体地，比较插入结点与其父结点的值，若插入结点更大则将它们交换；并循环以上操作，从底至顶地修复堆中的各个结点；直至越过根结点时结束，或当遇到无需交换的结点时提前结束。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:6"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_4" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_5" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_6" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1"><1></label><label for="__tabbed_4_2"><2></label><label for="__tabbed_4_3"><3></label><label for="__tabbed_4_4"><4></label><label for="__tabbed_4_5"><5></label><label for="__tabbed_4_6"><6></label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="元素入堆步骤" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step1.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_push_step2" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step2.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_push_step3" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step3.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_push_step4" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step4.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_push_step5" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step5.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_push_step6" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step6.png" /></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>设结点总数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，则树的高度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> ，易得堆化操作的循环轮数最多为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> ，<strong>因而元素入堆操作的时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-30-6" name="__codelineno-30-6" href="#__codelineno-30-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-30-7" name="__codelineno-30-7" href="#__codelineno-30-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-30-8" name="__codelineno-30-8" href="#__codelineno-30-8"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-30-9" name="__codelineno-30-9" href="#__codelineno-30-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-30-10" name="__codelineno-30-10" href="#__codelineno-30-10"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-30-11" name="__codelineno-30-11" href="#__codelineno-30-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-30-12" name="__codelineno-30-12" href="#__codelineno-30-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-30-13" name="__codelineno-30-13" href="#__codelineno-30-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-30-14" name="__codelineno-30-14" href="#__codelineno-30-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-30-15" name="__codelineno-30-15" href="#__codelineno-30-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-30-16" name="__codelineno-30-16" href="#__codelineno-30-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-30-17" name="__codelineno-30-17" href="#__codelineno-30-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-30-18" name="__codelineno-30-18" href="#__codelineno-30-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-30-19" name="__codelineno-30-19" href="#__codelineno-30-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-30-20" name="__codelineno-30-20" href="#__codelineno-30-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-30-21" name="__codelineno-30-21" href="#__codelineno-30-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-30-22" name="__codelineno-30-22" href="#__codelineno-30-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-7" name="__codelineno-31-7" href="#__codelineno-31-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-8" name="__codelineno-31-8" href="#__codelineno-31-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-9" name="__codelineno-31-9" href="#__codelineno-31-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-10" name="__codelineno-31-10" href="#__codelineno-31-10"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-11" name="__codelineno-31-11" href="#__codelineno-31-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-12" name="__codelineno-31-12" href="#__codelineno-31-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-13" name="__codelineno-31-13" href="#__codelineno-31-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-14" name="__codelineno-31-14" href="#__codelineno-31-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-15" name="__codelineno-31-15" href="#__codelineno-31-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-16" name="__codelineno-31-16" href="#__codelineno-31-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-17" name="__codelineno-31-17" href="#__codelineno-31-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-18" name="__codelineno-31-18" href="#__codelineno-31-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-19" name="__codelineno-31-19" href="#__codelineno-31-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-20" name="__codelineno-31-20" href="#__codelineno-31-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-21" name="__codelineno-31-21" href="#__codelineno-31-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-31-22" name="__codelineno-31-22" href="#__codelineno-31-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 元素入堆 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 添加结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a> <span class="c1"># 从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-7" name="__codelineno-32-7" href="#__codelineno-32-7"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-8" name="__codelineno-32-8" href="#__codelineno-32-8"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-9" name="__codelineno-32-9" href="#__codelineno-32-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-10" name="__codelineno-32-10" href="#__codelineno-32-10"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-11" name="__codelineno-32-11" href="#__codelineno-32-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-12" name="__codelineno-32-12" href="#__codelineno-32-12"></a> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-13" name="__codelineno-32-13" href="#__codelineno-32-13"></a> <span class="c1"># 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-14" name="__codelineno-32-14" href="#__codelineno-32-14"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-15" name="__codelineno-32-15" href="#__codelineno-32-15"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-16" name="__codelineno-32-16" href="#__codelineno-32-16"></a> <span class="c1"># 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-17" name="__codelineno-32-17" href="#__codelineno-32-17"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-18" name="__codelineno-32-18" href="#__codelineno-32-18"></a> <span class="c1"># 循环向上堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-32-19" name="__codelineno-32-19" href="#__codelineno-32-19"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5" href="#__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-6" name="__codelineno-33-6" href="#__codelineno-33-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-7" name="__codelineno-33-7" href="#__codelineno-33-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-8" name="__codelineno-33-8" href="#__codelineno-33-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-9" name="__codelineno-33-9" href="#__codelineno-33-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-10" name="__codelineno-33-10" href="#__codelineno-33-10"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-11" name="__codelineno-33-11" href="#__codelineno-33-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-12" name="__codelineno-33-12" href="#__codelineno-33-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-13" name="__codelineno-33-13" href="#__codelineno-33-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-14" name="__codelineno-33-14" href="#__codelineno-33-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-15" name="__codelineno-33-15" href="#__codelineno-33-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-16" name="__codelineno-33-16" href="#__codelineno-33-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-17" name="__codelineno-33-17" href="#__codelineno-33-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-18" name="__codelineno-33-18" href="#__codelineno-33-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-33-19" name="__codelineno-33-19" href="#__codelineno-33-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-20" name="__codelineno-33-20" href="#__codelineno-33-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-21" name="__codelineno-33-21" href="#__codelineno-33-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-22" name="__codelineno-33-22" href="#__codelineno-33-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-33-23" name="__codelineno-33-23" href="#__codelineno-33-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-6" name="__codelineno-34-6" href="#__codelineno-34-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-34-7" name="__codelineno-34-7" href="#__codelineno-34-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-34-8" name="__codelineno-34-8" href="#__codelineno-34-8"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-34-9" name="__codelineno-34-9" href="#__codelineno-34-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-34-10" name="__codelineno-34-10" href="#__codelineno-34-10"></a><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-11" name="__codelineno-34-11" href="#__codelineno-34-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-34-12" name="__codelineno-34-12" href="#__codelineno-34-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-13" name="__codelineno-34-13" href="#__codelineno-34-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-14" name="__codelineno-34-14" href="#__codelineno-34-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-15" name="__codelineno-34-15" href="#__codelineno-34-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-34-16" name="__codelineno-34-16" href="#__codelineno-34-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-34-17" name="__codelineno-34-17" href="#__codelineno-34-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-34-18" name="__codelineno-34-18" href="#__codelineno-34-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-34-19" name="__codelineno-34-19" href="#__codelineno-34-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-20" name="__codelineno-34-20" href="#__codelineno-34-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-34-21" name="__codelineno-34-21" href="#__codelineno-34-21"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-7" name="__codelineno-35-7" href="#__codelineno-35-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-8" name="__codelineno-35-8" href="#__codelineno-35-8"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-35-9" name="__codelineno-35-9" href="#__codelineno-35-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-10" name="__codelineno-35-10" href="#__codelineno-35-10"></a><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-11" name="__codelineno-35-11" href="#__codelineno-35-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-12" name="__codelineno-35-12" href="#__codelineno-35-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-13" name="__codelineno-35-13" href="#__codelineno-35-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-14" name="__codelineno-35-14" href="#__codelineno-35-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-15" name="__codelineno-35-15" href="#__codelineno-35-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-16" name="__codelineno-35-16" href="#__codelineno-35-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-17" name="__codelineno-35-17" href="#__codelineno-35-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-18" name="__codelineno-35-18" href="#__codelineno-35-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-19" name="__codelineno-35-19" href="#__codelineno-35-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-20" name="__codelineno-35-20" href="#__codelineno-35-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-35-21" name="__codelineno-35-21" href="#__codelineno-35-21"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5" href="#__codelineno-37-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6" href="#__codelineno-37-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-7" name="__codelineno-37-7" href="#__codelineno-37-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-8" name="__codelineno-37-8" href="#__codelineno-37-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-9" name="__codelineno-37-9" href="#__codelineno-37-9"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-10" name="__codelineno-37-10" href="#__codelineno-37-10"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-37-11" name="__codelineno-37-11" href="#__codelineno-37-11"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-12" name="__codelineno-37-12" href="#__codelineno-37-12"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-13" name="__codelineno-37-13" href="#__codelineno-37-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-37-14" name="__codelineno-37-14" href="#__codelineno-37-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-37-15" name="__codelineno-37-15" href="#__codelineno-37-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-37-16" name="__codelineno-37-16" href="#__codelineno-37-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-17" name="__codelineno-37-17" href="#__codelineno-37-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”，则结束堆化</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-18" name="__codelineno-37-18" href="#__codelineno-37-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-37-19" name="__codelineno-37-19" href="#__codelineno-37-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-37-20" name="__codelineno-37-20" href="#__codelineno-37-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-37-21" name="__codelineno-37-21" href="#__codelineno-37-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-37-22" name="__codelineno-37-22" href="#__codelineno-37-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-37-23" name="__codelineno-37-23" href="#__codelineno-37-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-37-24" name="__codelineno-37-24" href="#__codelineno-37-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-37-25" name="__codelineno-37-25" href="#__codelineno-37-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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|
|
</code></pre></div>
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|
</div>
|
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|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素入堆 */</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2" href="#__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4" href="#__codelineno-38-4"></a> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-5" name="__codelineno-38-5" href="#__codelineno-38-5"></a> <span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-6" name="__codelineno-38-6" href="#__codelineno-38-6"></a> <span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-38-7" name="__codelineno-38-7" href="#__codelineno-38-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-38-8" name="__codelineno-38-8" href="#__codelineno-38-8"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-38-9" name="__codelineno-38-9" href="#__codelineno-38-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-38-10" name="__codelineno-38-10" href="#__codelineno-38-10"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-38-11" name="__codelineno-38-11" href="#__codelineno-38-11"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-38-12" name="__codelineno-38-12" href="#__codelineno-38-12"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">true</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-38-13" name="__codelineno-38-13" href="#__codelineno-38-13"></a> <span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-38-14" name="__codelineno-38-14" href="#__codelineno-38-14"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">p</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-38-15" name="__codelineno-38-15" href="#__codelineno-38-15"></a> <span class="c1">// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-38-16" name="__codelineno-38-16" href="#__codelineno-38-16"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-17" name="__codelineno-38-17" href="#__codelineno-38-17"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-18" name="__codelineno-38-18" href="#__codelineno-38-18"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-19" name="__codelineno-38-19" href="#__codelineno-38-19"></a> <span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-20" name="__codelineno-38-20" href="#__codelineno-38-20"></a> <span class="bp">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-21" name="__codelineno-38-21" href="#__codelineno-38-21"></a> <span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-22" name="__codelineno-38-22" href="#__codelineno-38-22"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">p</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-23" name="__codelineno-38-23" href="#__codelineno-38-23"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-38-24" name="__codelineno-38-24" href="#__codelineno-38-24"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1" href="#__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="c1">// 元素入堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-2" name="__codelineno-39-2" href="#__codelineno-39-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-3" name="__codelineno-39-3" href="#__codelineno-39-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 添加结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-4" name="__codelineno-39-4" href="#__codelineno-39-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-5" name="__codelineno-39-5" href="#__codelineno-39-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-6" name="__codelineno-39-6" href="#__codelineno-39-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-7" name="__codelineno-39-7" href="#__codelineno-39-7"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-8" name="__codelineno-39-8" href="#__codelineno-39-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-9" name="__codelineno-39-9" href="#__codelineno-39-9"></a><span class="c1">// 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-10" name="__codelineno-39-10" href="#__codelineno-39-10"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-11" name="__codelineno-39-11" href="#__codelineno-39-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-12" name="__codelineno-39-12" href="#__codelineno-39-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-13" name="__codelineno-39-13" href="#__codelineno-39-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取结点 i 的父结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-14" name="__codelineno-39-14" href="#__codelineno-39-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-15" name="__codelineno-39-15" href="#__codelineno-39-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时，结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-16" name="__codelineno-39-16" href="#__codelineno-39-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-17" name="__codelineno-39-17" href="#__codelineno-39-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-18" name="__codelineno-39-18" href="#__codelineno-39-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-19" name="__codelineno-39-19" href="#__codelineno-39-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向上堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-20" name="__codelineno-39-20" href="#__codelineno-39-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-21" name="__codelineno-39-21" href="#__codelineno-39-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-39-22" name="__codelineno-39-22" href="#__codelineno-39-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3 id="_4">堆顶元素出堆<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>堆顶元素是二叉树根结点，即列表首元素，如果我们直接将首元素从列表中删除，则二叉树中所有结点都会随之发生移位（索引发生变化），这样后续使用堆化修复就很麻烦了。为了尽量减少元素索引变动，采取以下操作步骤：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>交换堆顶元素与堆底元素（即交换根结点与最右叶结点）；</li>
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<li>交换完成后，将堆底从列表中删除（注意，因为已经交换，实际上删除的是原来的堆顶元素）；</li>
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<li>从根结点开始，<strong>从顶至底执行堆化</strong>；</li>
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</ol>
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<p>顾名思义，<strong>从顶至底堆化的操作方向与从底至顶堆化相反</strong>，我们比较根结点的值与其两个子结点的值，将最大的子结点与根结点执行交换，并循环以上操作，直到越过叶结点时结束，或当遇到无需交换的结点时提前结束。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="6:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_6_1" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_2" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_3" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_4" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_5" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_6" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_7" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_8" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_9" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_10" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_6_1"><1></label><label for="__tabbed_6_2"><2></label><label for="__tabbed_6_3"><3></label><label for="__tabbed_6_4"><4></label><label for="__tabbed_6_5"><5></label><label for="__tabbed_6_6"><6></label><label for="__tabbed_6_7"><7></label><label for="__tabbed_6_8"><8></label><label for="__tabbed_6_9"><9></label><label for="__tabbed_6_10"><10></label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="堆顶元素出堆步骤" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step1.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step2" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step2.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step3" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step3.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step4" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step4.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step5" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step5.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step6" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step6.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step7" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step7.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step8" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step8.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step9" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step9.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="heap_pop_step10" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step10.png" /></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>与元素入堆操作类似，<strong>堆顶元素出堆操作的时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="7:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_7_1" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_2" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_3" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_4" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_5" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_6" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_7" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_8" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_9" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_10" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_7_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_7_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_7_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_7_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_7_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_7_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_7_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_7_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_7_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_7_10">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EmptyStackException</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7" href="#__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-8" name="__codelineno-40-8" href="#__codelineno-40-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-9" name="__codelineno-40-9" href="#__codelineno-40-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-10" name="__codelineno-40-10" href="#__codelineno-40-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-11" name="__codelineno-40-11" href="#__codelineno-40-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-12" name="__codelineno-40-12" href="#__codelineno-40-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-13" name="__codelineno-40-13" href="#__codelineno-40-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-14" name="__codelineno-40-14" href="#__codelineno-40-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-15" name="__codelineno-40-15" href="#__codelineno-40-15"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-16" name="__codelineno-40-16" href="#__codelineno-40-16"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-17" name="__codelineno-40-17" href="#__codelineno-40-17"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-18" name="__codelineno-40-18" href="#__codelineno-40-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-19" name="__codelineno-40-19" href="#__codelineno-40-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-20" name="__codelineno-40-20" href="#__codelineno-40-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-21" name="__codelineno-40-21" href="#__codelineno-40-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-22" name="__codelineno-40-22" href="#__codelineno-40-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-23" name="__codelineno-40-23" href="#__codelineno-40-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-24" name="__codelineno-40-24" href="#__codelineno-40-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-25" name="__codelineno-40-25" href="#__codelineno-40-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-26" name="__codelineno-40-26" href="#__codelineno-40-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-27" name="__codelineno-40-27" href="#__codelineno-40-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-28" name="__codelineno-40-28" href="#__codelineno-40-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-29" name="__codelineno-40-29" href="#__codelineno-40-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-30" name="__codelineno-40-30" href="#__codelineno-40-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-31" name="__codelineno-40-31" href="#__codelineno-40-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-40-32" name="__codelineno-40-32" href="#__codelineno-40-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1" href="#__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2" href="#__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"堆为空"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-7" name="__codelineno-41-7" href="#__codelineno-41-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-8" name="__codelineno-41-8" href="#__codelineno-41-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-9" name="__codelineno-41-9" href="#__codelineno-41-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-10" name="__codelineno-41-10" href="#__codelineno-41-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_back</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-11" name="__codelineno-41-11" href="#__codelineno-41-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-12" name="__codelineno-41-12" href="#__codelineno-41-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-13" name="__codelineno-41-13" href="#__codelineno-41-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-14" name="__codelineno-41-14" href="#__codelineno-41-14"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-15" name="__codelineno-41-15" href="#__codelineno-41-15"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-16" name="__codelineno-41-16" href="#__codelineno-41-16"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-17" name="__codelineno-41-17" href="#__codelineno-41-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-18" name="__codelineno-41-18" href="#__codelineno-41-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-19" name="__codelineno-41-19" href="#__codelineno-41-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-20" name="__codelineno-41-20" href="#__codelineno-41-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-21" name="__codelineno-41-21" href="#__codelineno-41-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-22" name="__codelineno-41-22" href="#__codelineno-41-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-23" name="__codelineno-41-23" href="#__codelineno-41-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-24" name="__codelineno-41-24" href="#__codelineno-41-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-25" name="__codelineno-41-25" href="#__codelineno-41-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-26" name="__codelineno-41-26" href="#__codelineno-41-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-27" name="__codelineno-41-27" href="#__codelineno-41-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-28" name="__codelineno-41-28" href="#__codelineno-41-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-29" name="__codelineno-41-29" href="#__codelineno-41-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-30" name="__codelineno-41-30" href="#__codelineno-41-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-31" name="__codelineno-41-31" href="#__codelineno-41-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-41-32" name="__codelineno-41-32" href="#__codelineno-41-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-2" name="__codelineno-42-2" href="#__codelineno-42-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 元素出堆 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-3" name="__codelineno-42-3" href="#__codelineno-42-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-4" name="__codelineno-42-4" href="#__codelineno-42-4"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-5" name="__codelineno-42-5" href="#__codelineno-42-5"></a> <span class="c1"># 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-6" name="__codelineno-42-6" href="#__codelineno-42-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-7" name="__codelineno-42-7" href="#__codelineno-42-7"></a> <span class="c1"># 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-8" name="__codelineno-42-8" href="#__codelineno-42-8"></a> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-9" name="__codelineno-42-9" href="#__codelineno-42-9"></a> <span class="c1"># 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-10" name="__codelineno-42-10" href="#__codelineno-42-10"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-11" name="__codelineno-42-11" href="#__codelineno-42-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-12" name="__codelineno-42-12" href="#__codelineno-42-12"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-13" name="__codelineno-42-13" href="#__codelineno-42-13"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-14" name="__codelineno-42-14" href="#__codelineno-42-14"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-15" name="__codelineno-42-15" href="#__codelineno-42-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-16" name="__codelineno-42-16" href="#__codelineno-42-16"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-17" name="__codelineno-42-17" href="#__codelineno-42-17"></a> <span class="c1"># 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-18" name="__codelineno-42-18" href="#__codelineno-42-18"></a> <span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-19" name="__codelineno-42-19" href="#__codelineno-42-19"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-20" name="__codelineno-42-20" href="#__codelineno-42-20"></a> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-21" name="__codelineno-42-21" href="#__codelineno-42-21"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-22" name="__codelineno-42-22" href="#__codelineno-42-22"></a> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-23" name="__codelineno-42-23" href="#__codelineno-42-23"></a> <span class="c1"># 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-24" name="__codelineno-42-24" href="#__codelineno-42-24"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-25" name="__codelineno-42-25" href="#__codelineno-42-25"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-26" name="__codelineno-42-26" href="#__codelineno-42-26"></a> <span class="c1"># 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-27" name="__codelineno-42-27" href="#__codelineno-42-27"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-28" name="__codelineno-42-28" href="#__codelineno-42-28"></a> <span class="c1"># 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-42-29" name="__codelineno-42-29" href="#__codelineno-42-29"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ma</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-43-1" name="__codelineno-43-1" href="#__codelineno-43-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-2" name="__codelineno-43-2" href="#__codelineno-43-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-3" name="__codelineno-43-3" href="#__codelineno-43-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-4" name="__codelineno-43-4" href="#__codelineno-43-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-5" name="__codelineno-43-5" href="#__codelineno-43-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"error"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-6" name="__codelineno-43-6" href="#__codelineno-43-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-7" name="__codelineno-43-7" href="#__codelineno-43-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-8" name="__codelineno-43-8" href="#__codelineno-43-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-9" name="__codelineno-43-9" href="#__codelineno-43-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-10" name="__codelineno-43-10" href="#__codelineno-43-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-11" name="__codelineno-43-11" href="#__codelineno-43-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-12" name="__codelineno-43-12" href="#__codelineno-43-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-13" name="__codelineno-43-13" href="#__codelineno-43-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-14" name="__codelineno-43-14" href="#__codelineno-43-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-15" name="__codelineno-43-15" href="#__codelineno-43-15"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-16" name="__codelineno-43-16" href="#__codelineno-43-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-17" name="__codelineno-43-17" href="#__codelineno-43-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-18" name="__codelineno-43-18" href="#__codelineno-43-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-19" name="__codelineno-43-19" href="#__codelineno-43-19"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-20" name="__codelineno-43-20" href="#__codelineno-43-20"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-21" name="__codelineno-43-21" href="#__codelineno-43-21"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-22" name="__codelineno-43-22" href="#__codelineno-43-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-23" name="__codelineno-43-23" href="#__codelineno-43-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 max</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-24" name="__codelineno-43-24" href="#__codelineno-43-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-25" name="__codelineno-43-25" href="#__codelineno-43-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-26" name="__codelineno-43-26" href="#__codelineno-43-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-27" name="__codelineno-43-27" href="#__codelineno-43-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-28" name="__codelineno-43-28" href="#__codelineno-43-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-29" name="__codelineno-43-29" href="#__codelineno-43-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-30" name="__codelineno-43-30" href="#__codelineno-43-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-31" name="__codelineno-43-31" href="#__codelineno-43-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-32" name="__codelineno-43-32" href="#__codelineno-43-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-33" name="__codelineno-43-33" href="#__codelineno-43-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-34" name="__codelineno-43-34" href="#__codelineno-43-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-35" name="__codelineno-43-35" href="#__codelineno-43-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-36" name="__codelineno-43-36" href="#__codelineno-43-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-37" name="__codelineno-43-37" href="#__codelineno-43-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-38" name="__codelineno-43-38" href="#__codelineno-43-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-39" name="__codelineno-43-39" href="#__codelineno-43-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-43-40" name="__codelineno-43-40" href="#__codelineno-43-40"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-44-1" name="__codelineno-44-1" href="#__codelineno-44-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-2" name="__codelineno-44-2" href="#__codelineno-44-2"></a><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-3" name="__codelineno-44-3" href="#__codelineno-44-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-4" name="__codelineno-44-4" href="#__codelineno-44-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"堆为空"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-5" name="__codelineno-44-5" href="#__codelineno-44-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-6" name="__codelineno-44-6" href="#__codelineno-44-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-7" name="__codelineno-44-7" href="#__codelineno-44-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-8" name="__codelineno-44-8" href="#__codelineno-44-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-9" name="__codelineno-44-9" href="#__codelineno-44-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-10" name="__codelineno-44-10" href="#__codelineno-44-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-11" name="__codelineno-44-11" href="#__codelineno-44-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-12" name="__codelineno-44-12" href="#__codelineno-44-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-13" name="__codelineno-44-13" href="#__codelineno-44-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-14" name="__codelineno-44-14" href="#__codelineno-44-14"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-15" name="__codelineno-44-15" href="#__codelineno-44-15"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-16" name="__codelineno-44-16" href="#__codelineno-44-16"></a><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-17" name="__codelineno-44-17" href="#__codelineno-44-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-18" name="__codelineno-44-18" href="#__codelineno-44-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-19" name="__codelineno-44-19" href="#__codelineno-44-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-20" name="__codelineno-44-20" href="#__codelineno-44-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-21" name="__codelineno-44-21" href="#__codelineno-44-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-22" name="__codelineno-44-22" href="#__codelineno-44-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-23" name="__codelineno-44-23" href="#__codelineno-44-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-24" name="__codelineno-44-24" href="#__codelineno-44-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-25" name="__codelineno-44-25" href="#__codelineno-44-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-26" name="__codelineno-44-26" href="#__codelineno-44-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-27" name="__codelineno-44-27" href="#__codelineno-44-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-28" name="__codelineno-44-28" href="#__codelineno-44-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-29" name="__codelineno-44-29" href="#__codelineno-44-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-30" name="__codelineno-44-30" href="#__codelineno-44-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-44-31" name="__codelineno-44-31" href="#__codelineno-44-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-45-1" name="__codelineno-45-1" href="#__codelineno-45-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-2" name="__codelineno-45-2" href="#__codelineno-45-2"></a><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-3" name="__codelineno-45-3" href="#__codelineno-45-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-4" name="__codelineno-45-4" href="#__codelineno-45-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">RangeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Heap is empty.'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-5" name="__codelineno-45-5" href="#__codelineno-45-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-6" name="__codelineno-45-6" href="#__codelineno-45-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-7" name="__codelineno-45-7" href="#__codelineno-45-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-8" name="__codelineno-45-8" href="#__codelineno-45-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-9" name="__codelineno-45-9" href="#__codelineno-45-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-10" name="__codelineno-45-10" href="#__codelineno-45-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-11" name="__codelineno-45-11" href="#__codelineno-45-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-12" name="__codelineno-45-12" href="#__codelineno-45-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-13" name="__codelineno-45-13" href="#__codelineno-45-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-14" name="__codelineno-45-14" href="#__codelineno-45-14"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-15" name="__codelineno-45-15" href="#__codelineno-45-15"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-16" name="__codelineno-45-16" href="#__codelineno-45-16"></a><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-17" name="__codelineno-45-17" href="#__codelineno-45-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-18" name="__codelineno-45-18" href="#__codelineno-45-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-19" name="__codelineno-45-19" href="#__codelineno-45-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-20" name="__codelineno-45-20" href="#__codelineno-45-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-21" name="__codelineno-45-21" href="#__codelineno-45-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-22" name="__codelineno-45-22" href="#__codelineno-45-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-23" name="__codelineno-45-23" href="#__codelineno-45-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-24" name="__codelineno-45-24" href="#__codelineno-45-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-25" name="__codelineno-45-25" href="#__codelineno-45-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-26" name="__codelineno-45-26" href="#__codelineno-45-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-27" name="__codelineno-45-27" href="#__codelineno-45-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-28" name="__codelineno-45-28" href="#__codelineno-45-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-29" name="__codelineno-45-29" href="#__codelineno-45-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-30" name="__codelineno-45-30" href="#__codelineno-45-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-45-31" name="__codelineno-45-31" href="#__codelineno-45-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-46-1" name="__codelineno-46-1" href="#__codelineno-46-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-46-2" name="__codelineno-46-2" href="#__codelineno-46-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-46-3" name="__codelineno-46-3" href="#__codelineno-46-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-47-1" name="__codelineno-47-1" href="#__codelineno-47-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">IndexOutOfRangeException</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-7" name="__codelineno-47-7" href="#__codelineno-47-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-8" name="__codelineno-47-8" href="#__codelineno-47-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-9" name="__codelineno-47-9" href="#__codelineno-47-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-10" name="__codelineno-47-10" href="#__codelineno-47-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Last</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-11" name="__codelineno-47-11" href="#__codelineno-47-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RemoveAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-12" name="__codelineno-47-12" href="#__codelineno-47-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-13" name="__codelineno-47-13" href="#__codelineno-47-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-14" name="__codelineno-47-14" href="#__codelineno-47-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-15" name="__codelineno-47-15" href="#__codelineno-47-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-16" name="__codelineno-47-16" href="#__codelineno-47-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-17" name="__codelineno-47-17" href="#__codelineno-47-17"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-18" name="__codelineno-47-18" href="#__codelineno-47-18"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-19" name="__codelineno-47-19" href="#__codelineno-47-19"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-20" name="__codelineno-47-20" href="#__codelineno-47-20"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-21" name="__codelineno-47-21" href="#__codelineno-47-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-22" name="__codelineno-47-22" href="#__codelineno-47-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-23" name="__codelineno-47-23" href="#__codelineno-47-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-24" name="__codelineno-47-24" href="#__codelineno-47-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-25" name="__codelineno-47-25" href="#__codelineno-47-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-26" name="__codelineno-47-26" href="#__codelineno-47-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-27" name="__codelineno-47-27" href="#__codelineno-47-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-28" name="__codelineno-47-28" href="#__codelineno-47-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-29" name="__codelineno-47-29" href="#__codelineno-47-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若“结点 i 最大”或“越过叶结点”，则结束堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-30" name="__codelineno-47-30" href="#__codelineno-47-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-31" name="__codelineno-47-31" href="#__codelineno-47-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-32" name="__codelineno-47-32" href="#__codelineno-47-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-33" name="__codelineno-47-33" href="#__codelineno-47-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-34" name="__codelineno-47-34" href="#__codelineno-47-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-35" name="__codelineno-47-35" href="#__codelineno-47-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-47-36" name="__codelineno-47-36" href="#__codelineno-47-36"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-48-1" name="__codelineno-48-1" href="#__codelineno-48-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 元素出堆 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-2" name="__codelineno-48-2" href="#__codelineno-48-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-3" name="__codelineno-48-3" href="#__codelineno-48-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 判空处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-4" name="__codelineno-48-4" href="#__codelineno-48-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-5" name="__codelineno-48-5" href="#__codelineno-48-5"></a> <span class="bp">fatalError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"堆为空"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-6" name="__codelineno-48-6" href="#__codelineno-48-6"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-7" name="__codelineno-48-7" href="#__codelineno-48-7"></a> <span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-8" name="__codelineno-48-8" href="#__codelineno-48-8"></a> <span class="bp">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-9" name="__codelineno-48-9" href="#__codelineno-48-9"></a> <span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-10" name="__codelineno-48-10" href="#__codelineno-48-10"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">val</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">at</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-11" name="__codelineno-48-11" href="#__codelineno-48-11"></a> <span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-12" name="__codelineno-48-12" href="#__codelineno-48-12"></a> <span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-13" name="__codelineno-48-13" href="#__codelineno-48-13"></a> <span class="c1">// 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-14" name="__codelineno-48-14" href="#__codelineno-48-14"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">val</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-15" name="__codelineno-48-15" href="#__codelineno-48-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-16" name="__codelineno-48-16" href="#__codelineno-48-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-17" name="__codelineno-48-17" href="#__codelineno-48-17"></a><span class="cm">/* 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-18" name="__codelineno-48-18" href="#__codelineno-48-18"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-19" name="__codelineno-48-19" href="#__codelineno-48-19"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-20" name="__codelineno-48-20" href="#__codelineno-48-20"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">true</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-21" name="__codelineno-48-21" href="#__codelineno-48-21"></a> <span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-22" name="__codelineno-48-22" href="#__codelineno-48-22"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">l</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-23" name="__codelineno-48-23" href="#__codelineno-48-23"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">r</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-24" name="__codelineno-48-24" href="#__codelineno-48-24"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">ma</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-25" name="__codelineno-48-25" href="#__codelineno-48-25"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-26" name="__codelineno-48-26" href="#__codelineno-48-26"></a> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">l</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-27" name="__codelineno-48-27" href="#__codelineno-48-27"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-28" name="__codelineno-48-28" href="#__codelineno-48-28"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-29" name="__codelineno-48-29" href="#__codelineno-48-29"></a> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">r</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-30" name="__codelineno-48-30" href="#__codelineno-48-30"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-31" name="__codelineno-48-31" href="#__codelineno-48-31"></a> <span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-32" name="__codelineno-48-32" href="#__codelineno-48-32"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-33" name="__codelineno-48-33" href="#__codelineno-48-33"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-34" name="__codelineno-48-34" href="#__codelineno-48-34"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-35" name="__codelineno-48-35" href="#__codelineno-48-35"></a> <span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-36" name="__codelineno-48-36" href="#__codelineno-48-36"></a> <span class="bp">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-37" name="__codelineno-48-37" href="#__codelineno-48-37"></a> <span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-38" name="__codelineno-48-38" href="#__codelineno-48-38"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-39" name="__codelineno-48-39" href="#__codelineno-48-39"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-48-40" name="__codelineno-48-40" href="#__codelineno-48-40"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-49-1" name="__codelineno-49-1" href="#__codelineno-49-1"></a><span class="c1">// 元素出堆</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-2" name="__codelineno-49-2" href="#__codelineno-49-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-3" name="__codelineno-49-3" href="#__codelineno-49-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断处理</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-4" name="__codelineno-49-4" href="#__codelineno-49-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unreachable</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-5" name="__codelineno-49-5" href="#__codelineno-49-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换根结点与最右叶结点（即交换首元素与尾元素）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-6" name="__codelineno-49-6" href="#__codelineno-49-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-7" name="__codelineno-49-7" href="#__codelineno-49-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 删除结点</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-8" name="__codelineno-49-8" href="#__codelineno-49-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-9" name="__codelineno-49-9" href="#__codelineno-49-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-10" name="__codelineno-49-10" href="#__codelineno-49-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-11" name="__codelineno-49-11" href="#__codelineno-49-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回堆顶元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-12" name="__codelineno-49-12" href="#__codelineno-49-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-13" name="__codelineno-49-13" href="#__codelineno-49-13"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-14" name="__codelineno-49-14" href="#__codelineno-49-14"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-15" name="__codelineno-49-15" href="#__codelineno-49-15"></a><span class="c1">// 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-16" name="__codelineno-49-16" href="#__codelineno-49-16"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-17" name="__codelineno-49-17" href="#__codelineno-49-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i_</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-18" name="__codelineno-49-18" href="#__codelineno-49-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-19" name="__codelineno-49-19" href="#__codelineno-49-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-20" name="__codelineno-49-20" href="#__codelineno-49-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-21" name="__codelineno-49-21" href="#__codelineno-49-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-22" name="__codelineno-49-22" href="#__codelineno-49-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-23" name="__codelineno-49-23" href="#__codelineno-49-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-24" name="__codelineno-49-24" href="#__codelineno-49-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-25" name="__codelineno-49-25" href="#__codelineno-49-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无需继续堆化，跳出</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-26" name="__codelineno-49-26" href="#__codelineno-49-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-27" name="__codelineno-49-27" href="#__codelineno-49-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换两结点</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-49-28" name="__codelineno-49-28" href="#__codelineno-49-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-29" name="__codelineno-49-29" href="#__codelineno-49-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环向下堆化</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-49-30" name="__codelineno-49-30" href="#__codelineno-49-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-31" name="__codelineno-49-31" href="#__codelineno-49-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-49-32" name="__codelineno-49-32" href="#__codelineno-49-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="814">8.1.4. 堆常见应用<a class="headerlink" href="#814" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>优先队列</strong>。堆常作为实现优先队列的首选数据结构，入队和出队操作时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> ，建队操作为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> ，皆非常高效。</li>
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<li><strong>堆排序</strong>。给定一组数据，我们使用其建堆，并依次全部弹出，则可以得到有序的序列。当然，堆排序一般无需弹出元素，仅需每轮将堆顶元素交换至数组尾部并减小堆的长度即可。</li>
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<li><strong>获取最大的 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 个元素</strong>。这既是一道经典算法题目，也是一种常见应用，例如选取热度前 10 的新闻作为微博热搜，选取前 10 销量的商品等。</li>
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