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hello-algo/codes/ruby/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.rb

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=begin
File: array.rb
Created Time: 2024-03-18
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 随机访问元素 ###
def random_access(nums)
# 在区间 [0, nums.length) 中随机抽取一个数字
random_index = Random.rand(0...nums.length)
# 获取并返回随机元素
nums[random_index]
end
### 扩展数组长度 ###
# 请注意Ruby 的 Array 是动态数组,可以直接扩展
# 为了方便学习,本函数将 Array 看作长度不可变的数组
def extend(nums, enlarge)
# 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组
res = Array.new(nums.length + enlarge, 0)
# 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
for i in 0...nums.length
res[i] = nums[i]
end
# 返回扩展后的新数组
res
end
### 在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num ###
def insert(nums, num, index)
# 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位
for i in (nums.length - 1).downto(index + 1)
nums[i] = nums[i - 1]
end
# 将 num 赋给 index 处的元素
nums[index] = num
end
### 删除索引 index 处的元素 ###
def remove(nums, index)
# 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
for i in index...nums.length
nums[i] = nums[i + 1] || 0
end
end
### 遍历数组 ###
def traverse(nums)
count = 0
# 通过索引遍历数组
for i in 0...nums.length
count += nums[i]
end
# 直接遍历数组元素
for num in nums
count += num
end
end
### 在数组中查找指定元素 ###
def find(nums, target)
for i in 0...nums.length
return i if nums[i] == target
end
-1
end
### Driver Code ###
# 初始化数组
arr = Array.new(5, 0)
puts "数组 arr = #{arr}"
nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
puts "数组 nums = #{nums}"
# 随机访问
random_num = random_access(nums)
puts "在 nums 中获取随机元素 #{random_num}"
# 长度扩展
nums = extend(nums, 3)
puts "将数组长度扩展至 8 ,得到 nums = #{nums}"
# 插入元素
insert(nums, 6, 3)
puts "在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums = #{nums}"
# 删除元素
remove(nums, 2)
puts "删除索引 2 处的元素,得到 nums = #{nums}"
# 遍历数组
traverse(nums)
# 查找元素
index = find(nums, 3)
puts "在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 = #{index}"