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hello-algo/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap.c

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/**
* File: my_heap.c
* Created Time: 2023-01-15
* Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
#define MAX_SIZE 5000
/* 大顶堆 */
typedef struct {
// size 代表的是实际元素的个数
int size;
// 使用预先分配内存的数组,避免扩容
int data[MAX_SIZE];
} MaxHeap;
// 函数声明
void siftDown(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i);
void siftUp(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i);
int parent(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i);
/* 构造函数,根据切片建堆 */
MaxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {
// 所有元素入堆
MaxHeap *maxHeap = (MaxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(MaxHeap));
maxHeap->size = size;
memcpy(maxHeap->data, nums, size * sizeof(int));
for (int i = parent(maxHeap, size - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
// 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
siftDown(maxHeap, i);
}
return maxHeap;
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delMaxHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
// 释放内存
free(maxHeap);
}
/* 获取左子节点的索引 */
int left(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 获取右子节点的索引 */
int right(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 获取父节点的索引 */
int parent(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下取整
}
/* 交换元素 */
void swap(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i, int j) {
int temp = maxHeap->data[i];
maxHeap->data[i] = maxHeap->data[j];
maxHeap->data[j] = temp;
}
/* 获取堆大小 */
int size(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
return maxHeap->size;
}
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
int isEmpty(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
return maxHeap->size == 0;
}
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
int peek(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
return maxHeap->data[0];
}
/* 元素入堆 */
void push(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int val) {
// 默认情况下,不应该添加这么多节点
if (maxHeap->size == MAX_SIZE) {
printf("heap is full!");
return;
}
// 添加节点
maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size] = val;
maxHeap->size++;
// 从底至顶堆化
siftUp(maxHeap, maxHeap->size - 1);
}
/* 元素出堆 */
int pop(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
// 判空处理
if (isEmpty(maxHeap)) {
printf("heap is empty!");
return INT_MAX;
}
// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素)
swap(maxHeap, 0, size(maxHeap) - 1);
// 删除节点
int val = maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size - 1];
maxHeap->size--;
// 从顶至底堆化
siftDown(maxHeap, 0);
// 返回堆顶元素
return val;
}
/* 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
void siftDown(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
while (true) {
// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 max
int l = left(maxHeap, i);
int r = right(maxHeap, i);
int max = i;
if (l < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[l] > maxHeap->data[max]) {
max = l;
}
if (r < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[r] > maxHeap->data[max]) {
max = r;
}
// 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无须继续堆化,跳出
if (max == i) {
break;
}
// 交换两节点
swap(maxHeap, i, max);
// 循环向下堆化
i = max;
}
}
/* 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
void siftUp(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
while (true) {
// 获取节点 i 的父节点
int p = parent(maxHeap, i);
// 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时,结束堆化
if (p < 0 || maxHeap->data[i] <= maxHeap->data[p]) {
break;
}
// 交换两节点
swap(maxHeap, i, p);
// 循环向上堆化
i = p;
}
}