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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/c/chapter_dynamic_programming/coin_change.c

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/**
* File: coin_change.c
* Created Time: 2023-10-02
* Author: Zuoxun (845242523@qq.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
/* 求最小值 */
int myMin(int a, int b) {
return a < b ? a : b;
}
/* 零錢兌換:動態規劃 */
int coinChangeDP(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {
int n = coinsSize;
int MAX = amt + 1;
// 初始化 dp 表
int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i] = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));
}
// 狀態轉移:首行首列
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
dp[0][a] = MAX;
}
// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];
} else {
// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
dp[i][a] = myMin(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
}
}
}
int res = dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;
// 釋放記憶體
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
free(dp[i]);
}
free(dp);
return res;
}
/* 零錢兌換:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
int coinChangeDPComp(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {
int n = coinsSize;
int MAX = amt + 1;
// 初始化 dp 表
int *dp = malloc((amt + 1) * sizeof(int));
for (int j = 1; j <= amt; j++) {
dp[j] = MAX;
}
dp[0] = 0;
// 狀態轉移
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
dp[a] = dp[a];
} else {
// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
dp[a] = myMin(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
}
}
}
int res = dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;
// 釋放記憶體
free(dp);
return res;
}
/* Driver code */
int main() {
int coins[] = {1, 2, 5};
int coinsSize = sizeof(coins) / sizeof(coins[0]);
int amt = 4;
// 動態規劃
int res = coinChangeDP(coins, amt, coinsSize);
printf("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 %d\n", res);
// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
res = coinChangeDPComp(coins, amt, coinsSize);
printf("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 %d\n", res);
return 0;
}