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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cpp

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4.8 KiB

/**
* File: binary_search_tree.cpp
* Created Time: 2022-11-25
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 二元搜尋樹 */
class BinarySearchTree {
private:
TreeNode *root;
public:
/* 建構子 */
BinarySearchTree() {
// 初始化空樹
root = nullptr;
}
/* 析構方法 */
~BinarySearchTree() {
freeMemoryTree(root);
}
/* 獲取二元樹根節點 */
TreeNode *getRoot() {
return root;
}
/* 查詢節點 */
TreeNode *search(int num) {
TreeNode *cur = root;
// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
if (cur->val < num)
cur = cur->right;
// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
else if (cur->val > num)
cur = cur->left;
// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
else
break;
}
// 返回目標節點
return cur;
}
/* 插入節點 */
void insert(int num) {
// 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
if (root == nullptr) {
root = new TreeNode(num);
return;
}
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 找到重複節點,直接返回
if (cur->val == num)
return;
pre = cur;
// 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
if (cur->val < num)
cur = cur->right;
// 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
else
cur = cur->left;
}
// 插入節點
TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);
if (pre->val < num)
pre->right = node;
else
pre->left = node;
}
/* 刪除節點 */
void remove(int num) {
// 若樹為空,直接提前返回
if (root == nullptr)
return;
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
if (cur->val == num)
break;
pre = cur;
// 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
if (cur->val < num)
cur = cur->right;
// 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
else
cur = cur->left;
}
// 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
if (cur == nullptr)
return;
// 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {
// 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = nullptr / 該子節點
TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;
// 刪除節點 cur
if (cur != root) {
if (pre->left == cur)
pre->left = child;
else
pre->right = child;
} else {
// 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
root = child;
}
// 釋放記憶體
delete cur;
}
// 子節點數量 = 2
else {
// 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;
while (tmp->left != nullptr) {
tmp = tmp->left;
}
int tmpVal = tmp->val;
// 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
remove(tmp->val);
// 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
cur->val = tmpVal;
}
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化二元搜尋樹 */
BinarySearchTree *bst = new BinarySearchTree();
// 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
vector<int> nums = {8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15};
for (int num : nums) {
bst->insert(num);
}
cout << endl << "初始化的二元樹為\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
/* 查詢節點 */
TreeNode *node = bst->search(7);
cout << endl << "查詢到的節點物件為 " << node << ",節點值 = " << node->val << endl;
/* 插入節點 */
bst->insert(16);
cout << endl << "插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
/* 刪除節點 */
bst->remove(1);
cout << endl << "刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
bst->remove(2);
cout << endl << "刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
bst->remove(4);
cout << endl << "刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
// 釋放記憶體
delete bst;
return 0;
}