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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/zig/chapter_computational_compl.../recursion.zig

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// File: recursion.zig
// Created Time: 2023-09-27
// Author: QiLOL (pikaqqpika@gmail.com)
const std = @import("std");
// 遞迴函式
fn recur(n: i32) i32 {
// 終止條件
if (n == 1) {
return 1;
}
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
var res: i32 = recur(n - 1);
// 迴:返回結果
return n + res;
}
// 使用迭代模擬遞迴
fn forLoopRecur(comptime n: i32) i32 {
// 使用一個顯式的堆疊來模擬系統呼叫堆疊
var stack: [n]i32 = undefined;
var res: i32 = 0;
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
var i: usize = n;
while (i > 0) {
stack[i - 1] = @intCast(i);
i -= 1;
}
// 迴:返回結果
var index: usize = n;
while (index > 0) {
index -= 1;
res += stack[index];
}
// res = 1+2+3+...+n
return res;
}
// 尾遞迴函式
fn tailRecur(n: i32, res: i32) i32 {
// 終止條件
if (n == 0) {
return res;
}
// 尾遞迴呼叫
return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);
}
// 費波那契數列
fn fib(n: i32) i32 {
// 終止條件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
if (n == 1 or n == 2) {
return n - 1;
}
// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
var res: i32 = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
// 返回結果 f(n)
return res;
}
// Driver Code
pub fn main() !void {
const n: i32 = 5;
var res: i32 = 0;
res = recur(n);
std.debug.print("\n遞迴函式的求和結果 res = {}\n", .{recur(n)});
res = forLoopRecur(n);
std.debug.print("\n使用迭代模擬遞迴的求和結果 res = {}\n", .{forLoopRecur(n)});
res = tailRecur(n, 0);
std.debug.print("\n尾遞迴函式的求和結果 res = {}\n", .{tailRecur(n, 0)});
res = fib(n);
std.debug.print("\n費波那契數列的第 {} 項為 {}\n", .{n, fib(n)});
}