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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/zig/chapter_dynamic_programming/climbing_stairs_backtrack.zig

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// File: climbing_stairs_backtrack.zig
// Created Time: 2023-07-15
// Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
const std = @import("std");
// 回溯
fn backtrack(choices: []i32, state: i32, n: i32, res: std.ArrayList(i32)) void {
// 當爬到第 n 階時,方案數量加 1
if (state == n) {
res.items[0] = res.items[0] + 1;
}
// 走訪所有選擇
for (choices) |choice| {
// 剪枝:不允許越過第 n 階
if (state + choice > n) {
continue;
}
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);
// 回退
}
}
// 爬樓梯:回溯
fn climbingStairsBacktrack(n: usize) !i32 {
var choices = [_]i32{ 1, 2 }; // 可選擇向上爬 1 階或 2 階
var state: i32 = 0; // 從第 0 階開始爬
var res = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
defer res.deinit();
try res.append(0); // 使用 res[0] 記錄方案數量
backtrack(&choices, state, @intCast(n), res);
return res.items[0];
}
// Driver Code
pub fn main() !void {
var n: usize = 9;
var res = try climbingStairsBacktrack(n);
std.debug.print("爬 {} 階樓梯共有 {} 種方案\n", .{ n, res });
_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
}