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hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cpp

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/**
* File: binary_search_tree.cpp
* Created Time: 2022-11-25
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 二叉搜索树 */
class BinarySearchTree {
private:
TreeNode *root;
public:
/* 构造方法 */
BinarySearchTree() {
// 初始化空树
root = nullptr;
}
/* 析构方法 */
~BinarySearchTree() {
freeMemoryTree(root);
}
/* 获取二叉树根节点 */
TreeNode *getRoot() {
return root;
}
/* 查找节点 */
TreeNode *search(int num) {
TreeNode *cur = root;
// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
if (cur->val < num)
cur = cur->right;
// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
else if (cur->val > num)
cur = cur->left;
// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
else
break;
}
// 返回目标节点
return cur;
}
/* 插入节点 */
void insert(int num) {
// 若树为空,则初始化根节点
if (root == nullptr) {
root = new TreeNode(num);
return;
}
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 找到重复节点,直接返回
if (cur->val == num)
return;
pre = cur;
// 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
if (cur->val < num)
cur = cur->right;
// 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
else
cur = cur->left;
}
// 插入节点
TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);
if (pre->val < num)
pre->right = node;
else
pre->left = node;
}
/* 删除节点 */
void remove(int num) {
// 若树为空,直接提前返回
if (root == nullptr)
return;
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
if (cur->val == num)
break;
pre = cur;
// 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
if (cur->val < num)
cur = cur->right;
// 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
else
cur = cur->left;
}
// 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
if (cur == nullptr)
return;
// 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {
// 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = nullptr / 该子节点
TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;
// 删除节点 cur
if (cur != root) {
if (pre->left == cur)
pre->left = child;
else
pre->right = child;
} else {
// 若删除节点为根节点,则重新指定根节点
root = child;
}
// 释放内存
delete cur;
}
// 子节点数量 = 2
else {
// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;
while (tmp->left != nullptr) {
tmp = tmp->left;
}
int tmpVal = tmp->val;
// 递归删除节点 tmp
remove(tmp->val);
// 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
cur->val = tmpVal;
}
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
BinarySearchTree *bst = new BinarySearchTree();
// 请注意,不同的插入顺序会生成不同的二叉树,该序列可以生成一个完美二叉树
vector<int> nums = {8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15};
for (int num : nums) {
bst->insert(num);
}
cout << endl << "初始化的二叉树为\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
/* 查找节点 */
TreeNode *node = bst->search(7);
cout << endl << "查找到的节点对象为 " << node << ",节点值 = " << node->val << endl;
/* 插入节点 */
bst->insert(16);
cout << endl << "插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
/* 删除节点 */
bst->remove(1);
cout << endl << "删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
bst->remove(2);
cout << endl << "删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
bst->remove(4);
cout << endl << "删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
printTree(bst->getRoot());
// 释放内存
delete bst;
return 0;
}