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11.8 桶排序
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第 1 章 初识算法
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1.1 算法无处不在
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.1 算法效率评估
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.2 迭代与递归
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</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.3 时间复杂度
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.4 空间复杂度
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</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.5 小结
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 3 章 数据结构
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</a>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 3 章 数据结构
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.1 数据结构分类
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.2 基本数据类型
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.3 数字编码 *
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
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3.4 字符编码 *
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.5 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.1 数组
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.2 链表
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.3 列表
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.4 内存与缓存 *
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.5 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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</span>
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</a>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.1 栈
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.2 队列
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.3 双向队列
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.4 小结
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 6 章 哈希表
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 6 章 哈希表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.1 哈希表
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.2 哈希冲突
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3 哈希算法
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 7 章 树
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 7 章 树
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.1 二叉树
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.2 二叉树遍历
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.3 二叉树数组表示
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.4 二叉搜索树
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.5 AVL 树 *
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.6 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 8 章 堆
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 8 章 堆
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.1 堆
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.2 建堆操作
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.3 Top-k 问题
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.4 小结
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 9 章 图
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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第 9 章 图
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.1 图
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.2 图基础操作
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.3 图的遍历
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
|
9.4 小结
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|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
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第 10 章 搜索
|
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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第 10 章 搜索
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.1 二分查找
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.2 二分查找插入点
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.3 二分查找边界
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.4 哈希优化策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.5 重识搜索算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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10.6 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" checked>
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 11 章 排序
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="true">
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
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|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
第 11 章 排序
|
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
11.1 排序算法
|
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.2 选择排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.3 冒泡排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.4 插入排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.5 快速排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.6 归并排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.7 堆排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8 桶排序
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8 桶排序
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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目录
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#1181" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8.1 算法流程
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#1182" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8.2 算法特性
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#1183" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8.3 如何实现平均分配
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.9 计数排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.10 基数排序
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
11.11 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
第 12 章 分治
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
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|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
第 12 章 分治
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
12.1 分治算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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12.2 分治搜索策略
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
12.3 构建树问题
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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12.4 汉诺塔问题
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.5 小结
|
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/" class="md-nav__link ">
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|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
第 13 章 回溯
|
|
|
</span>
|
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|
</a>
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
第 13 章 回溯
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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13.1 回溯算法
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.2 全排列问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.3 子集和问题
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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13.4 N 皇后问题
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13.5 小结
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14.1 初探动态规划
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14.2 DP 问题特性
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14.3 DP 解题思路
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14.4 0-1 背包问题
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14.5 完全背包问题
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14.6 编辑距离问题
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14.7 小结
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第 15 章 贪心
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15.1 贪心算法
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15.3 最大容量问题
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第 16 章 附录
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16.1 编程环境安装
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16.2 一起参与创作
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16.3 术语表
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<h1 id="118">11.8 桶排序<a class="headerlink" href="#118" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>前述几种排序算法都属于“基于比较的排序算法”，它们通过比较元素间的大小来实现排序。此类排序算法的时间复杂度无法超越 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n \log n)\)</span> 。接下来，我们将探讨几种“非比较排序算法”，它们的时间复杂度可以达到线性阶。</p>
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<p><u>桶排序（bucket sort）</u>是分治策略的一个典型应用。它通过设置一些具有大小顺序的桶，每个桶对应一个数据范围，将数据平均分配到各个桶中；然后，在每个桶内部分别执行排序；最终按照桶的顺序将所有数据合并。</p>
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<h2 id="1181">11.8.1 算法流程<a class="headerlink" href="#1181" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>考虑一个长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组，其元素是范围 <span class="arithmatex">\([0, 1)\)</span> 内的浮点数。桶排序的流程如图 11-13 所示。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>初始化 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 个桶，将 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个元素分配到 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 个桶中。</li>
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<li>对每个桶分别执行排序（这里采用编程语言的内置排序函数）。</li>
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<li>按照桶从小到大的顺序合并结果。</li>
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</ol>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../bucket_sort.assets/bucket_sort_overview.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="桶排序算法流程" class="animation-figure" src="../bucket_sort.assets/bucket_sort_overview.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 图 11-13 桶排序算法流程 </p>
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<p>代码如下所示：</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_14" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_1_14">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">bucket_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">]):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""桶排序"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="n">buckets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[[]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="c1"># 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="c1"># 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="c1"># 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="c1"># 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="c1"># 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="c1"># 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 bucket_idx</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">());</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Float</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">());</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Float</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Collections</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Float</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">BucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">([]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">float64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">float64</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">float64</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置切片排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">sort</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Float64s</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">k</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">buckets</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">..</span><span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="bp">map</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="kc">_</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">]()</span> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a> <span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a> <span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a> <span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a> <span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a> <span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="bp">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a> <span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">startIndex</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">buckets</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">bucket</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">([]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">sort</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">([]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">sort</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 _num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">toInt</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 _num 添加进桶 bucket_idx</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">bucket_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sort_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">partial_cmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">());</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">sizes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录每个桶的大小</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 动态数组的数组（桶）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 为每个桶预分配足够的空间</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sizes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">sizes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">qsort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sizes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compare</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 合并排序后的桶</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sizes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 释放内存</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 桶排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bucketSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FloatArray</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Float</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">toInt</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 桶排序 ###</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bucket_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 输入数据范围为 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将 num 添加进桶 i</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 2. 对各个桶执行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="o">|</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 使用内置排序函数，也可以替换成其他排序算法</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort!</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 3. 遍历桶合并结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="o">|</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-24" name="__codelineno-12-24" href="#__codelineno-12-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-25" name="__codelineno-12-25" href="#__codelineno-12-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-26" name="__codelineno-12-26" href="#__codelineno-12-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-27" name="__codelineno-12-27" href="#__codelineno-12-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-28" name="__codelineno-12-28" href="#__codelineno-12-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-29" name="__codelineno-12-29" href="#__codelineno-12-29"></a><span class="k">end</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bucket_sort.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">bucketSort</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<details class="pythontutor">
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<summary>可视化运行</summary>
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</details>
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<h2 id="1182">11.8.2 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1182" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>桶排序适用于处理体量很大的数据。例如，输入数据包含 100 万个元素，由于空间限制，系统内存无法一次性加载所有数据。此时，可以将数据分成 1000 个桶，然后分别对每个桶进行排序，最后将结果合并。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + k)\)</span></strong> ：假设元素在各个桶内平均分布，那么每个桶内的元素数量为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{n}{k}\)</span> 。假设排序单个桶使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\frac{n}{k} \log\frac{n}{k})\)</span> 时间，则排序所有桶使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n \log\frac{n}{k})\)</span> 时间。<strong>当桶数量 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 比较大时，时间复杂度则趋向于 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> 。合并结果时需要遍历所有桶和元素，花费 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + k)\)</span> 时间。在最差情况下，所有数据被分配到一个桶中，且排序该桶使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 时间。</li>
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<li><strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + k)\)</span>、非原地排序</strong>：需要借助 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 个桶和总共 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个元素的额外空间。</li>
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<li>桶排序是否稳定取决于排序桶内元素的算法是否稳定。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="1183">11.8.3 如何实现平均分配<a class="headerlink" href="#1183" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>桶排序的时间复杂度理论上可以达到 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> ，<strong>关键在于将元素均匀分配到各个桶中</strong>，因为实际数据往往不是均匀分布的。例如，我们想要将淘宝上的所有商品按价格范围平均分配到 10 个桶中，但商品价格分布不均，低于 100 元的非常多，高于 1000 元的非常少。若将价格区间平均划分为 10 个，各个桶中的商品数量差距会非常大。</p>
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<p>为实现平均分配，我们可以先设定一条大致的分界线，将数据粗略地分到 3 个桶中。<strong>分配完毕后，再将商品较多的桶继续划分为 3 个桶，直至所有桶中的元素数量大致相等</strong>。</p>
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<p>如图 11-14 所示，这种方法本质上是创建一棵递归树，目标是让叶节点的值尽可能平均。当然，不一定要每轮将数据划分为 3 个桶，具体划分方式可根据数据特点灵活选择。</p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../bucket_sort.assets/scatter_in_buckets_recursively.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="递归划分桶" class="animation-figure" src="../bucket_sort.assets/scatter_in_buckets_recursively.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 图 11-14 递归划分桶 </p>
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<p>如果我们提前知道商品价格的概率分布，<strong>则可以根据数据概率分布设置每个桶的价格分界线</strong>。值得注意的是，数据分布并不一定需要特意统计，也可以根据数据特点采用某种概率模型进行近似。</p>
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<p>如图 11-15 所示，我们假设商品价格服从正态分布，这样就可以合理地设定价格区间，从而将商品平均分配到各个桶中。</p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../bucket_sort.assets/scatter_in_buckets_distribution.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="根据概率分布划分桶" class="animation-figure" src="../bucket_sort.assets/scatter_in_buckets_distribution.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 图 11-15 根据概率分布划分桶 </p>
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