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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/csharp/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.cs

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/**
* File: n_queens.cs
* Created Time: 2023-05-04
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
*/
namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
public class n_queens {
/* 回溯演算法n 皇后 */
void Backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<string>> state, List<List<List<string>>> res,
bool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {
// 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
if (row == n) {
List<List<string>> copyState = [];
foreach (List<string> sRow in state) {
copyState.Add(new List<string>(sRow));
}
res.Add(copyState);
return;
}
// 走訪所有列
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
// 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
int diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
// 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
state[row][col] = "Q";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
// 放置下一行
Backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
state[row][col] = "#";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
}
}
}
/* 求解 n 皇后 */
List<List<List<string>>> NQueens(int n) {
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
List<List<string>> state = [];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
List<string> row = [];
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
row.Add("#");
}
state.Add(row);
}
bool[] cols = new bool[n]; // 記錄列是否有皇后
bool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
bool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
List<List<List<string>>> res = [];
Backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
return res;
}
[Test]
public void Test() {
int n = 4;
List<List<List<string>>> res = NQueens(n);
Console.WriteLine("輸入棋盤長寬為 " + n);
Console.WriteLine("皇后放置方案共有 " + res.Count + " 種");
foreach (List<List<string>> state in res) {
Console.WriteLine("--------------------");
foreach (List<string> row in state) {
PrintUtil.PrintList(row);
}
}
}
}