You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
hello-algo/index.html

1892 lines
113 KiB

This file contains invisible Unicode characters!

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that may be processed differently from what appears below. If your use case is intentional and legitimate, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal hidden characters.

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters that may be confused with others in your current locale. If your use case is intentional and legitimate, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to highlight these characters.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="no-js" lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<meta content="动画图解、一键运行的数据结构与算法教程" name="description"/>
<meta content="krahets" name="author"/>
<link href="https://www.hello-algo.com/" rel="canonical"/>
<link href="assets/images/favicon.png" rel="icon"/>
<meta content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.5" name="generator"/>
<title>
Hello 算法
</title>
<link href="assets/stylesheets/main.50c56a3b.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link href="assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="preconnect"/>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+SC:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CFira+Code:400,400i,700,700i&amp;display=fallback" rel="stylesheet"/>
<style>
:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans SC";--md-code-font:"Fira Code"}
</style>
<link href="stylesheets/extra.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script>
__md_scope=new URL(".",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}
</script>
</head>
<body data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" dir="ltr" style="background-color: var(--md-body-bg-color);">
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" id="__drawer" type="checkbox"/>
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" id="__search" type="checkbox"/>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer">
</label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
</div>
<div data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="announce">
</div>
<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="header">
<nav aria-label="页眉" class="md-header__inner md-grid">
<a aria-label="Hello 算法" class="md-header__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello 算法">
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hello 算法
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Home
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
<input aria-label="深色模式" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" id="__palette_0" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_1" hidden="" title="深色模式">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<input aria-label="浅色模式" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" id="__palette_1" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_0" hidden="" title="浅色模式">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
</form>
<script>
var media,input,key,value,palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){"(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media&&(media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']"),palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent"));for([key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}
</script>
<div class="md-header__option">
<div class="md-select">
<button aria-label="选择当前语言" class="md-header__button md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.52 17.52 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11.76-2.04M18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2l-4.5-12m-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17h-3.24Z">
</path>
</svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/" hreflang="zh">
简体中文
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/zh-hant/" hreflang="zh-Hant">
繁體中文
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/en/" hreflang="en">
English
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search">
</label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input aria-label="搜索" autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" class="md-search__input" data-md-component="search-query" name="query" placeholder="搜索" required="" spellcheck="false" type="text"/>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<nav aria-label="查找" class="md-search__options">
<a aria-label="分享" class="md-search__icon md-icon" data-clipboard="" data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" href="javascript:void(0)" tabindex="-1" title="分享">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7 0-.24-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91 1.61 0 2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08Z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<button aria-label="清空当前内容" class="md-search__icon md-icon" tabindex="-1" title="清空当前内容" type="reset">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z">
</path>
</svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest">
</div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix="">
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
正在初始化搜索引擎
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation">
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往仓库">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate" style="height: min(100vh, 120vw); position: relative; margin-top:-2.4rem; padding: 0; overflow: hidden;">
<img alt="" class="hero-bg" src="assets/hero/universe_bg.png"/>
<div class="hero-div">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/ground.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 26.445%; left: 28.211%; top: 54.145%;"/>
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/links.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 78.751%; left: 10.545%; top: 7.326%;"/>
<a href="chapter_introduction/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/astronaut.png" style="height: 46.673%; left: 35.413%; top: 24.343%;"/>
<span style="left: 52.244%; top: 20.919%;">
初识算法
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_computational_complexity/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_computational_complexity.png" style="height: 12.347%; left: 36.267%; top: 37.653%;"/>
<span style="left: 39.244%; top: 33.919%;">
复杂度
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_array_and_linkedlist.png" style="height: 22.242%; left: 73.242%; top: 52.481%;"/>
<span style="left: 90.897%; top: 76.259%;">
数组与链表
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_stack_and_queue/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_stack_and_queue.png" style="height: 14.302%; left: 62.646%; top: 77.875%;"/>
<span style="left: 77.571%; top: 91.25%;">
栈与队列
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_hashing/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_hashing.png" style="height: 15.266%; left: 63.281%; top: 27.933%;"/>
<span style="left: 68.862%; top: 46.292%;">
哈希表
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_tree/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_tree.png" style="height: 19.615%; left: 80.137%; top: 26.678%;"/>
<span style="left: 96.159%; top: 44.8%;">
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_heap/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_heap.png" style="height: 10.566%; left: 77.226%; top: 11.559%;"/>
<span style="left: 88.103%; top: 15.422%;">
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_graph/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_graph.png" style="height: 16.112%; left: 51.854%; top: 5.575%;"/>
<span style="left: 71.195%; top: 6.503%;">
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_searching/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_searching.png" style="height: 15.149%; left: 18.185%; top: 16.404%;"/>
<span style="left: 14.556%; top: 20.876%;">
搜索
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_sorting/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_sorting.png" style="height: 9.574%; left: 25.409%; top: 40.747%;"/>
<span style="left: 28.805%; top: 53.808%;">
排序
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_divide_and_conquer.png" style="height: 18.681%; left: 32.721%; top: 4.816%;"/>
<span style="left: 31.42%; top: 8.679%;">
分治
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_backtracking/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_backtracking.png" style="height: 17.338%; left: 4.875%; top: 32.925%;"/>
<span style="left: 4.742%; top: 50.113%;">
回溯
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_dynamic_programming/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_dynamic_programming.png" style="height: 15.47%; left: 9.406%; top: 57.472%;"/>
<span style="left: 8.561%; top: 75.351%;">
动态规划
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_greedy/">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_greedy.png" style="height: 14.127%; left: 23.132%; top: 75.803%;"/>
<span style="left: 21.619%; top: 86.85%;">
贪心
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="heading-div">
<img alt="" src="https://readme-typing-svg.demolab.com/?font=Noto+Sans+SC&amp;weight=400&amp;duration=3500&amp;pause=2000&amp;color=FFF&amp;center=true&amp;vCenter=true&amp;random=false&amp;width=200&amp;lines=Hello%2C+%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95+!" style="height: min(9vh, 12vw);"/>
<div style="pointer-events: auto;">
<p style="margin-top: max(-1vh, -2vw); margin-bottom: min(2vh, 3.5vw);">
动画图解、一键运行的数据结构与算法教程
</p>
<a class="rounded-button" href="chapter_hello_algo/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M160 96a96 96 0 1 1 192 0A96 96 0 1 1 160 96zm80 152V512l-48.4-24.2c-20.9-10.4-43.5-17-66.8-19.3l-96-9.6C12.5 457.2 0 443.5 0 427V224c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H62.3c63.6 0 125.6 19.6 177.7 56zm32 264V248c52.1-36.4 114.1-56 177.7-56H480c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V427c0 16.4-12.5 30.2-28.8 31.8l-96 9.6c-23.2 2.3-45.9 8.9-66.8 19.3L272 512z">
</path>
</svg>
<span>
开始阅读
</span>
</a>
<a class="rounded-button" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3 .3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5 .3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9 .7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9 .3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3 .7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3 .3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6 .7 4.3-.7 .7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3 .7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3 .7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
<span>
代码仓库
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-top: min(2.5vh, 3.5vw);">
<svg fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)" height="2vh" viewbox="0 0 384 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M169.4 470.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L224 370.8 224 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 306.7L54.6 265.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
<div class="section-content">
<img alt="Preview" src="index.assets/hello_algo_header.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 41.5em;"/>
<div class="code-badge">
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-snow?logo=python&amp;logoColor=3776AB"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Java-snow?logo=coffeescript&amp;logoColor=FC4C02"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-snow?logo=c%2B%2B&amp;logoColor=00599C"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C-snow?logo=c&amp;logoColor=A8B9CC"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%23-snow?logo=csharp&amp;logoColor=512BD4"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/JS-snow?logo=javascript&amp;logoColor=E9CE30"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-snow?logo=go&amp;logoColor=00ADD8"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Swift-snow?logo=swift&amp;logoColor=F05138"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Rust-snow?logo=rust&amp;logoColor=000000"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ruby-snow?logo=ruby&amp;logoColor=CC342D"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Kotlin-snow?logo=kotlin&amp;logoColor=7F52FF"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/TS-snow?logo=typescript&amp;logoColor=3178C6"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Dart-snow?logo=dart&amp;logoColor=0175C2"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Zig-snow?logo=zig&amp;logoColor=F7A41D"/>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
500 幅动画图解、14 种编程语言代码、3000 条社区问答,助你快速入门数据结构与算法
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
<div class="section-content">
<div class="reading-media">
<div class="media-block">
<a href="chapter_paperbook/">
<div style="height: 8.17%;">
</div>
<img alt="Cover" class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/cover_render.png" style="height: 66.83%;"/>
<div class="text-button">
<span>
获取纸质书
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="media-block">
<a href="chapter_hello_algo/">
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
</div>
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/web_mac_iphone.png" style="height: 66.31%;"/>
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
</div>
<div class="text-button">
<span>
在线阅读
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="media-block">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/releases">
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/pdf_ipad.png" style="height: 75%;"/>
<div class="text-button">
<span>
下载 PDF
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
<div class="section-content">
<h3 style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto;">
推荐语
</h3>
<div class="intro-container" style="margin: 0 auto;">
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
“一本通俗易懂的数据结构与算法入门书,引导读者手脑并用地学习,强烈推荐算法初学者阅读。”
</p>
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
—— 邓俊辉,清华大学计算机系教授
</p>
</div>
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
“如果我当年学数据结构与算法的时候有《Hello 算法》,学起来应该会简单 10 倍!”
</p>
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
—— 李沐,亚马逊资深首席科学家
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
<div class="section-content">
<div class="intro-container">
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M256 0H576c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V288c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H256c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zM476 106.7C471.5 100 464 96 456 96s-15.5 4-20 10.7l-56 84L362.7 169c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h80 48H552c8.9 0 17-4.9 21.2-12.7s3.7-17.3-1.2-24.6l-96-144zM336 96a32 32 0 1 0 -64 0 32 32 0 1 0 64 0zM64 128h96V384v32c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H320c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V384H512v64c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V192c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zm8 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V208c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V312c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm336 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h16c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H424c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
动画图解
</h3>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0;">
内容清晰易懂,学习曲线平滑
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
"A picture is worth a thousand words."
<br/>
“一图胜千言”
</p>
</div>
</div>
<img alt="Animation example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/animation.gif"/>
</div>
<div class="intro-container">
<img alt="Running code example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/running_code.gif"/>
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L562.7 256l-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
一键运行
</h3>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0;">
十余种编程语言,代码可视化运行
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
"Talk is cheap. Show me the code."
<br/>
“少吹牛,看代码”
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="intro-container">
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M88.2 309.1c9.8-18.3 6.8-40.8-7.5-55.8C59.4 230.9 48 204 48 176c0-63.5 63.8-128 160-128s160 64.5 160 128s-63.8 128-160 128c-13.1 0-25.8-1.3-37.8-3.6c-10.4-2-21.2-.6-30.7 4.2c-4.1 2.1-8.3 4.1-12.6 6c-16 7.2-32.9 13.5-49.9 18c2.8-4.6 5.4-9.1 7.9-13.6c1.1-1.9 2.2-3.9 3.2-5.9zM0 176c0 41.8 17.2 80.1 45.9 110.3c-.9 1.7-1.9 3.5-2.8 5.1c-10.3 18.4-22.3 36.5-36.6 52.1c-6.6 7-8.3 17.2-4.6 25.9C5.8 378.3 14.4 384 24 384c43 0 86.5-13.3 122.7-29.7c4.8-2.2 9.6-4.5 14.2-6.8c15.1 3 30.9 4.5 47.1 4.5c114.9 0 208-78.8 208-176S322.9 0 208 0S0 78.8 0 176zM432 480c16.2 0 31.9-1.6 47.1-4.5c4.6 2.3 9.4 4.6 14.2 6.8C529.5 498.7 573 512 616 512c9.6 0 18.2-5.7 22-14.5c3.8-8.8 2-19-4.6-25.9c-14.2-15.6-26.2-33.7-36.6-52.1c-.9-1.7-1.9-3.4-2.8-5.1C622.8 384.1 640 345.8 640 304c0-94.4-87.9-171.5-198.2-175.8c4.1 15.2 6.2 31.2 6.2 47.8l0 .6c87.2 6.7 144 67.5 144 127.4c0 28-11.4 54.9-32.7 77.2c-14.3 15-17.3 37.6-7.5 55.8c1.1 2 2.2 4 3.2 5.9c2.5 4.5 5.2 9 7.9 13.6c-17-4.5-33.9-10.7-49.9-18c-4.3-1.9-8.5-3.9-12.6-6c-9.5-4.8-20.3-6.2-30.7-4.2c-12.1 2.4-24.7 3.6-37.8 3.6c-61.7 0-110-26.5-136.8-62.3c-16 5.4-32.8 9.4-50 11.8C279 439.8 350 480 432 480z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
互助学习
</h3>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0;">
欢迎讨论与提问,读者间携手共进
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
"Learning by teaching."
<br/>
“教学相长”
</p>
</div>
</div>
<img alt="Comments example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/comment.gif"/>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
<div class="section-content" style="max-width: 90vw;">
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
<h3>
作者
</h3>
<div class="profile-div">
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
<img alt="Author: yudongjin" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_yudongjin.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
靳宇栋(@krahets
</b>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
<h3>
代码审阅者
</h3>
<div class="profile-div">
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/codingonion">
<img alt="Reviewer: codingonion" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_codingonion.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
codingonion
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Zig, Rust
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/curtishd">
<img alt="Reviewer: curtishd" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_curtishd.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
curtishd
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Kotlin
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Gonglja">
<img alt="Reviewer: Gonglja" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_Gonglja.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Gonglja
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
C, C++
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/gvenusleo">
<img alt="Reviewer: gvenusleo" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_gvenusleo.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
gvenusleo
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Dart
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/hpstory">
<img alt="Reviewer: hpstory" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_hpstory.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
hpstory
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
C#
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/justin-tse">
<img alt="Reviewer: justin-tse" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_justin-tse.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
justin-tse
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
JS, TS
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
<img alt="Reviewer: krahets" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_krahets.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
krahets
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Python, Java
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/night-cruise">
<img alt="Reviewer: night-cruise" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_night-cruise.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
night-cruise
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Rust
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/nuomi1">
<img alt="Reviewer: nuomi1" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_nuomi1.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
nuomi1
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Swift
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Reanon">
<img alt="Reviewer: Reanon" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_Reanon.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Reanon
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Go, C
</sub>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
<h3>
贡献者
</h3>
<p>
本书在开源社区一百多位贡献者的共同努力下不断完善,感谢他们付出的时间与精力!
</p>
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/graphs/contributors">
<img alt="Contributors" src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=krahets/hello-algo&amp;max=300&amp;columns=16" style="width: 100%; max-width: 38.5em;"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main" style="height: 0;">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" hidden="">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav aria-label="导航栏" class="md-nav md-nav--primary" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a aria-label="Hello 算法" class="md-nav__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello 算法">
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
</a>
Hello 算法
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往仓库">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_1" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hello_algo/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m13.13 22.19-1.63-3.83c1.57-.58 3.04-1.36 4.4-2.27l-2.77 6.1M5.64 12.5l-3.83-1.63 6.1-2.77C7 9.46 6.22 10.93 5.64 12.5M19.22 4c.28 0 .53 0 .74.05.17 1.39-.02 4.25-3.3 7.53-1.7 1.71-3.73 3.02-6.01 3.89l-2.15-2.1c.92-2.31 2.23-4.34 3.92-6.03C15.18 4.58 17.64 4 19.22 4m0-2c-1.98 0-4.98.69-8.22 3.93-2.19 2.19-3.5 4.6-4.35 6.71-.28.75-.09 1.57.46 2.13l2.13 2.12c.38.38.89.61 1.42.61.23 0 .47-.06.7-.15A19.1 19.1 0 0 0 18.07 13c5.66-5.66 3.54-10.61 3.54-10.61S20.7 2 19.22 2m-4.68 7.46c-.78-.78-.78-2.05 0-2.83s2.05-.78 2.83 0c.77.78.78 2.05 0 2.83-.78.78-2.05.78-2.83 0m-5.66 7.07-1.41-1.41 1.41 1.41M6.24 22l3.64-3.64c-.34-.09-.67-.24-.97-.45L4.83 22h1.41M2 22h1.41l4.77-4.76-1.42-1.41L2 20.59V22m0-2.83 4.09-4.08c-.21-.3-.36-.62-.45-.97L2 17.76v1.41Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_2" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M21 4H3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h18a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M3 19V6h8v13H3m18 0h-8V6h8v13m-7-9.5h6V11h-6V9.5m0 2.5h6v1.5h-6V12m0 2.5h6V16h-6v-1.5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 0 章   前言
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 0 章   前言
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/about_the_book/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.1   关于本书
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/suggestions/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.2   如何使用本书
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.3   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2m0 16H5V5h14v14M6.2 7.7h5v1.5h-5V7.7m6.8 8.1h5v1.5h-5v-1.5m0-2.6h5v1.5h-5v-1.5M8 18h1.5v-2h2v-1.5h-2v-2H8v2H6V16h2v2m6.1-7.1 1.4-1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1-1-1.4-1.4L18 7.1 16.9 6l-1.4 1.4L14.1 6 13 7.1l1.4 1.4L13 9.9l1.1 1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 1 章   初识算法
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 1 章   初识算法
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.1   算法无处不在
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.2   算法是什么
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.3   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_4" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 2 章   复杂度分析
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 2 章   复杂度分析
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.1   算法效率评估
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.2   迭代与递归
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.3   时间复杂度
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.4   空间复杂度
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_5" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M11 13.5v8H3v-8h8m-2 2H5v4h4v-4M12 2l5.5 9h-11L12 2m0 3.86L10.08 9h3.84L12 5.86M17.5 13c2.5 0 4.5 2 4.5 4.5S20 22 17.5 22 13 20 13 17.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5m0 2a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 3 章   数据结构
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 3 章   数据结构
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.1   数据结构分类
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.2   基本数据类型
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.3   数字编码 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.4   字符编码 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_6" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M3 5v14h17V5H3m4 2v2H5V7h2m-2 6v-2h2v2H5m0 2h2v2H5v-2m13 2H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9V7h9v2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 4 章   数组与链表
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 4 章   数组与链表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.1   数组
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.2   链表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.3   列表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.4   内存与缓存 *
</span>
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_7" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 5 章   栈与队列
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 5 章   栈与队列
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1  
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.2   队列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.3   双向队列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_8" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 6 章   哈希表
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 6 章   哈希表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_map/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.1   哈希表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_collision/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.2   哈希冲突
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.3   哈希算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_9" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 7 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 7 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.1   二叉树
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.2   二叉树遍历
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.3   二叉树数组表示
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.4   二叉搜索树
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/avl_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.5   AVL 树 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.6   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_10" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 8 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 8 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/heap/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.1  
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/build_heap/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.2   建堆操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/top_k/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.3   Top-k 问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_11" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 9 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 9 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.1  
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_operations/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.2   图基础操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_traversal/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.3   图的遍历
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_12" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 10 章   搜索
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 10 章   搜索
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.1   二分查找
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.2   二分查找插入点
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.3   二分查找边界
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.4   哈希优化策略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.5   重识搜索算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.6   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_13" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 11 章   排序
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 11 章   排序
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.1   排序算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/selection_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.2   选择排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.3   冒泡排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.4   插入排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/quick_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.5   快速排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/merge_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.6   归并排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/heap_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.7   堆排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.8   桶排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/counting_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.9   计数排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/radix_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.10   基数排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.11   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_14" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 12 章   分治
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 12 章   分治
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.1   分治算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.2   分治搜索策略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.3   构建树问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.4   汉诺塔问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_15" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 13 章   回溯
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 13 章   回溯
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.1   回溯算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.2   全排列问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.3   子集和问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.4   N 皇后问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_16" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M22 15h-2v3c0 1.11-.89 2-2 2h-3v2l-3-3 3-3v2h3v-3h-2l3-3 3 3m0-11v4c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H10v10c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H4c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h16c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2M4 8h4V4H4v4m0 2v4h4v-4H4m4 10v-4H4v4h4m6-12V4h-4v4h4m6-4h-4v4h4V4Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 14 章   动态规划
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 14 章   动态规划
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.1   初探动态规划
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.2   DP 问题特性
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.3   DP 解题思路
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.4   0-1 背包问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.5   完全背包问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.6   编辑距离问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.7   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_17" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M13 3c3.88 0 7 3.14 7 7 0 2.8-1.63 5.19-4 6.31V21H9v-3H8c-1.11 0-2-.89-2-2v-3H4.5c-.42 0-.66-.5-.42-.81L6 9.66A7.003 7.003 0 0 1 13 3m0-2C8.41 1 4.61 4.42 4.06 8.9L2.5 11h-.03l-.02.03c-.55.76-.62 1.76-.19 2.59.36.69 1 1.17 1.74 1.32V16c0 1.85 1.28 3.42 3 3.87V23h11v-5.5c2.5-1.67 4-4.44 4-7.5 0-4.97-4.04-9-9-9m4 7.83c0 1.54-1.36 2.77-3.42 4.64L13 14l-.58-.53C10.36 11.6 9 10.37 9 8.83c0-1.2.96-2.19 2.16-2.2h.04c.69 0 1.35.31 1.8.83.45-.52 1.11-.83 1.8-.83 1.2-.01 2.2.96 2.2 2.16v.04Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 15 章   贪心
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 15 章   贪心
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.1   贪心算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.2   分数背包问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.3   最大容量问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.4   最大切分乘积问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_18" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M11 18h2v-2h-2v2m1-16A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2m0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8m0-14a4 4 0 0 0-4 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 2-3 1.75-3 5h2c0-2.25 3-2.5 3-5a4 4 0 0 0-4-4Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 16 章   附录
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 16 章   附录
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/installation/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.1   编程环境安装
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/contribution/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.2   一起参与创作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/terminology/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.3   术语表
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_19" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_reference/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9 3v15h3V3H9m3 2 4 13 3-1-4-13-3 1M5 5v13h3V5H5M3 19v2h18v-2H3Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
参考文献
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
参考文献
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_20" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_paperbook/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m19 2-5 4.5v11l5-4.5V2M6.5 5C4.55 5 2.45 5.4 1 6.5v14.66c0 .25.25.5.5.5.1 0 .15-.07.25-.07 1.35-.65 3.3-1.09 4.75-1.09 1.95 0 4.05.4 5.5 1.5 1.35-.85 3.8-1.5 5.5-1.5 1.65 0 3.35.31 4.75 1.06.1.05.15.03.25.03.25 0 .5-.25.5-.5V6.5c-.6-.45-1.25-.75-2-1V19c-1.1-.35-2.3-.5-3.5-.5-1.7 0-4.15.65-5.5 1.5V6.5C10.55 5.4 8.45 5 6.5 5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
纸质书
</span>
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_20_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_20">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
纸质书
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" hidden="">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav aria-label="目录" class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<nav aria-label="页脚" class="md-footer__inner md-grid">
</nav>
</article>
</div>
<script>
var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}
</script>
<script>
var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))
</script>
</div>
<button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden="" type="button">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z">
</path>
</svg>
回到页面顶部
</button>
</main>
<footer class="md-footer">
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-copyright">
<div class="md-copyright__highlight">
Copyright © 2022-2024 krahets
<br/>
The website content is licensed under
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-social">
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://github.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="github.com">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://twitter.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="twitter.com">
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8l164.9-188.5L26.8 48h145.6l100.5 132.9L389.2 48zm-24.8 373.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42l255.3 333.8z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="leetcode.cn">
<svg viewbox="0 0 640 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset">
</div>
</div>
<script id="__config" type="application/json">
{"base": ".", "features": ["announce.dismiss", "content.action.edit", "content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tabs.link", "content.tooltips", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "navigation.footer", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}
</script>
<script src="assets/javascripts/bundle.c18c5fb9.min.js">
</script>
<script src="javascripts/mathjax.js">
</script>
<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6">
</script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js">
</script>
</body>
</html>