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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 2 章 複雜度分析
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 2 章 複雜度分析
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.1 演算法效率評估
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</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.2 迭代與遞迴
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.3 時間複雜度
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.4 空間複雜度
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.5 小結
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 3 章 資料結構
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 3 章 資料結構
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.1 資料結構分類
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.2 基本資料型別
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.3 數字編碼 *
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.4 字元編碼 *
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 4 章 陣列與鏈結串列
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 4 章 陣列與鏈結串列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.1 陣列
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.2 鏈結串列
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.3 串列
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.4 記憶體與快取 *
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</span>
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近新增">
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 5 章 堆疊與佇列
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 5 章 堆疊與佇列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.1 堆疊
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.2 佇列
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.3 雙向佇列
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 6 章 雜湊表
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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第 6 章 雜湊表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.1 雜湊表
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.2 雜湊衝突
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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6.3 雜湊演算法
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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6.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 7 章 樹
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
第 7 章 樹
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.1 二元樹
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.2 二元樹走訪
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.3 二元樹陣列表示
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.4 二元搜尋樹
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.5 AVL *
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.6 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 8 章 堆積
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 8 章 堆積
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.1 堆積
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.2 建堆積操作
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.3 Top-k 問題
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 9 章 圖
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 9 章 圖
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.1 圖
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.2 圖基礎操作
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.3 圖的走訪
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.4 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 10 章 搜尋
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 10 章 搜尋
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.1 二分搜尋
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.2 二分搜尋插入點
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.3 二分搜尋邊界
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.4 雜湊最佳化策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.5 重識搜尋演算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.6 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 11 章 排序
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 11 章 排序
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.1 排序演算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.2 選擇排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.3 泡沫排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.4 插入排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.5 快速排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.6 合併排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.7 堆積排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8 桶排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.9 計數排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.10 基數排序
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.11 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 12 章 分治
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
第 12 章 分治
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.1 分治演算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.2 分治搜尋策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.3 構建樹問題
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.4 河內塔問題
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 13 章 回溯
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
第 13 章 回溯
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.1 回溯演算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.2 全排列問題
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.3 子集和問題
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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13.4 N 皇后問題
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13.5 小結
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第 14 章 動態規劃
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第 14 章 動態規劃
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.1 初探動態規劃
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.2 DP 問題特性
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14.3 DP 解題思路
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14.4 0-1 背包問題
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14.5 完全背包問題
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.6 編輯距離問題
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14.7 小結
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 15 章 貪婪
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第 15 章 貪婪
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15.1 貪婪演算法
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15.2 分數背包問題
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15.2 分數背包問題
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</span>
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目錄
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1. 貪婪策略確定
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3. 正確性證明
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15.3 最大容量問題
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15.4 最大切分乘積問題
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15.5 小結
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 16 章 附錄
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</span>
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<h1 id="152">15.2 分數背包問題<a class="headerlink" href="#152" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<div class="admonition question">
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<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
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<p>給定 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 個物品，第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 個物品的重量為 <span class="arithmatex">\(wgt[i-1]\)</span>、價值為 <span class="arithmatex">\(val[i-1]\)</span> ，和一個容量為 <span class="arithmatex">\(cap\)</span> 的背包。每個物品只能選擇一次，<strong>但可以選擇物品的一部分，價值根據選擇的重量比例計算</strong>，問在限定背包容量下背包中物品的最大價值。示例如圖 15-3 所示。</p>
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</div>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="分數背包問題的示例資料" class="animation-figure" src="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_example.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 圖 15-3 分數背包問題的示例資料 </p>
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<p>分數背包問題和 0-1 背包問題整體上非常相似，狀態包含當前物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 和容量 <span class="arithmatex">\(c\)</span> ，目標是求限定背包容量下的最大價值。</p>
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<p>不同點在於，本題允許只選擇物品的一部分。如圖 15-4 所示，<strong>我們可以對物品任意地進行切分，並按照重量比例來計算相應價值</strong>。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>對於物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> ，它在單位重量下的價值為 <span class="arithmatex">\(val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\)</span> ，簡稱單位價值。</li>
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<li>假設放入一部分物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> ，重量為 <span class="arithmatex">\(w\)</span> ，則背包增加的價值為 <span class="arithmatex">\(w \times val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\)</span> 。</li>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_unit_value.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="物品在單位重量下的價值" class="animation-figure" src="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_unit_value.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 圖 15-4 物品在單位重量下的價值 </p>
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<h3 id="1">1. 貪婪策略確定<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>最大化背包內物品總價值，<strong>本質上是最大化單位重量下的物品價值</strong>。由此便可推理出圖 15-5 所示的貪婪策略。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>將物品按照單位價值從高到低進行排序。</li>
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<li>走訪所有物品，<strong>每輪貪婪地選擇單位價值最高的物品</strong>。</li>
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<li>若剩餘背包容量不足，則使用當前物品的一部分填滿背包。</li>
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</ol>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_greedy_strategy.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="分數背包問題的貪婪策略" class="animation-figure" src="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_greedy_strategy.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 圖 15-5 分數背包問題的貪婪策略 </p>
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<h3 id="2">2. 程式碼實現<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>我們建立了一個物品類別 <code>Item</code> ，以便將物品按照單位價值進行排序。迴圈進行貪婪選擇，當背包已滿時跳出並返回解：</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_14" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_1_14">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Item</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""物品"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="c1"># 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="c1"># 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fractional_knapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""分數背包：貪婪"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="c1"># 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="n">items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="c1"># 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="n">items</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reverse</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="c1"># 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="c1"># 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="n">cap</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">w</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a> <span class="c1"># 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">cap</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a> <span class="c1"># 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[](</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-34" name="__codelineno-1-34" href="#__codelineno-1-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-35" name="__codelineno-1-35" href="#__codelineno-1-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Comparator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">comparingDouble</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="p">)));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-33" name="__codelineno-2-33" href="#__codelineno-2-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-35" name="__codelineno-2-35" href="#__codelineno-2-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-36" name="__codelineno-2-36" href="#__codelineno-2-36"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">FractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CompareTo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">float64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="nx">Item</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Item</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">sort</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">float64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Item</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">w</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a> <span class="kd">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a> <span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">w</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a> <span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">v</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Double</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a> <span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">items</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="bp">map</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a> <span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">sort</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a> <span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">cap</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">cap</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">items</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">cap</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a> <span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a> <span class="n">cap</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a> <span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a> <span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-30" name="__codelineno-5-30" href="#__codelineno-5-30"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-31" name="__codelineno-5-31" href="#__codelineno-5-31"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-32" name="__codelineno-5-32" href="#__codelineno-5-32"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-33" name="__codelineno-5-33" href="#__codelineno-5-33"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-34" name="__codelineno-5-34" href="#__codelineno-5-34"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">sort</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-29" name="__codelineno-6-29" href="#__codelineno-6-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-30" name="__codelineno-6-30" href="#__codelineno-6-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Item</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">sort</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">items</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">compareTo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nc">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">fractional_knapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">f64</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">collect</span>::<span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sort_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">partial_cmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">f64</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-9-40" name="__codelineno-9-40" href="#__codelineno-9-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-41" name="__codelineno-9-41" href="#__codelineno-9-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品重量</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">itemCount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">itemCount</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">itemCount</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">){.</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">qsort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">itemCount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sortByValueDensity</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">itemCount</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-30" name="__codelineno-10-30" href="#__codelineno-10-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-31" name="__codelineno-10-31" href="#__codelineno-10-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-32" name="__codelineno-10-32" href="#__codelineno-10-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 物品 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Item</span><span class="p">(</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">w</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">v</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 物品價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 分數背包：貪婪 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建立物品串列，包含兩個屬性：重量、價值</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrayOfNulls</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wgt</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_val</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照單位價值 item.v / item.w 從高到低進行排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sortBy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Item? </span><span class="o">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="o">!!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">v</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toDouble</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈貪婪選擇</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="o">!!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量充足，則將當前物品整個裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">v</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若剩餘容量不足，則將當前物品的一部分裝進背包</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">v</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toDouble</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 已無剩餘容量，因此跳出迴圈</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">Item</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">fractional_knapsack</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">fractional_knapsack.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">fractionalKnapsack</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<details class="pythontutor">
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<summary>視覺化執行</summary>
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<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20Item%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%2C%20w%3A%20int%2C%20v%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.w%20%3D%20w%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.v%20%3D%20v%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%0Adef%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20val%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20cap%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%88%86%E6%95%B8%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%9A%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%97%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E5%85%A9%E5%80%8B%E5%B1%AC%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%E3%80%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20items%20%3D%20%5BItem%28w%2C%20v%29%20for%20w%2C%20v%20in%20zip%28wgt%2C%20val%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8C%89%E7%85%A7%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%20item.v%20/%20item.w%20%E5%BE%9E%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B0%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%0A%20%20%20%20items.sort%28key%3Dlambda%20item%3A%20item.v%20/%20item.w%2C%20reverse%3DTrue%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20for%20item%20in%20items%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20item.w%20%3C%3D%20cap%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%85%85%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E6%95%B4%E5%80%8B%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20item.v%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cap%20-%3D%20item.w%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20%28item.v%20/%20item.w%29%20%2A%20cap%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B7%B2%E7%84%A1%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E8%B7%B3%E5%87%BA%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20wgt%20%3D%20%5B10%2C%2020%2C%2030%2C%2040%2C%2050%5D%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20%5B50%2C%20120%2C%20150%2C%20210%2C%20240%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cap%20%3D%2050%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%20len%28wgt%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%2C%20val%2C%20cap%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20Item%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%2C%20w%3A%20int%2C%20v%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.w%20%3D%20w%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.v%20%3D%20v%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%0Adef%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20val%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20cap%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%88%86%E6%95%B8%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%9A%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%97%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E5%85%A9%E5%80%8B%E5%B1%AC%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%E3%80%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20items%20%3D%20%5BItem%28w%2C%20v%29%20for%20w%2C%20v%20in%20zip%28wgt%2C%20val%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8C%89%E7%85%A7%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%20item.v%20/%20item.w%20%E5%BE%9E%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B0%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%0A%20%20%20%20items.sort%28key%3Dlambda%20item%3A%20item.v%20/%20item.w%2C%20reverse%3DTrue%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20for%20item%20in%20items%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20item.w%20%3C%3D%20cap%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%85%85%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E6%95%B4%E5%80%8B%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20item.v%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cap%20-%3D%20item.w%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20%28item.v%20/%20item.w%29%20%2A%20cap%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B7%B2%E7%84%A1%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E8%B7%B3%E5%87%BA%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20wgt%20%3D%20%5B10%2C%2020%2C%2030%2C%2040%2C%2050%5D%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20%5B50%2C%20120%2C%20150%2C%20210%2C%20240%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cap%20%3D%2050%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%20len%28wgt%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%2C%20val%2C%20cap%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全螢幕觀看 ></a></div></p>
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</details>
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<p>除排序之外，在最差情況下，需要走訪整個物品串列，<strong>因此時間複雜度為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> ，其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 為物品數量。</p>
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<p>由於初始化了一個 <code>Item</code> 物件串列，<strong>因此空間複雜度為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<h3 id="3">3. 正確性證明<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>採用反證法。假設物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(x\)</span> 是單位價值最高的物品，使用某演算法求得最大價值為 <code>res</code> ，但該解中不包含物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(x\)</span> 。</p>
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<p>現在從背包中拿出單位重量的任意物品，並替換為單位重量的物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(x\)</span> 。由於物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(x\)</span> 的單位價值最高，因此替換後的總價值一定大於 <code>res</code> 。<strong>這與 <code>res</code> 是最優解矛盾，說明最優解中必須包含物品 <span class="arithmatex">\(x\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<p>對於該解中的其他物品，我們也可以構建出上述矛盾。總而言之，<strong>單位價值更大的物品總是更優選擇</strong>，這說明貪婪策略是有效的。</p>
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<p>如圖 15-6 所示，如果將物品重量和物品單位價值分別看作一張二維圖表的橫軸和縱軸，則分數背包問題可轉化為“求在有限橫軸區間下圍成的最大面積”。這個類比可以幫助我們從幾何角度理解貪婪策略的有效性。</p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_area_chart.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="分數背包問題的幾何表示" class="animation-figure" src="../fractional_knapsack_problem.assets/fractional_knapsack_area_chart.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 圖 15-6 分數背包問題的幾何表示 </p>
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