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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/cpp/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.cpp

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/**
* File: hash_map_chaining.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-06-13
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "./array_hash_map.cpp"
/* 鏈式位址雜湊表 */
class HashMapChaining {
private:
int size; // 鍵值對數量
int capacity; // 雜湊表容量
double loadThres; // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
int extendRatio; // 擴容倍數
vector<vector<Pair *>> buckets; // 桶陣列
public:
/* 建構子 */
HashMapChaining() : size(0), capacity(4), loadThres(2.0 / 3.0), extendRatio(2) {
buckets.resize(capacity);
}
/* 析構方法 */
~HashMapChaining() {
for (auto &bucket : buckets) {
for (Pair *pair : bucket) {
// 釋放記憶體
delete pair;
}
}
}
/* 雜湊函式 */
int hashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 負載因子 */
double loadFactor() {
return (double)size / (double)capacity;
}
/* 查詢操作 */
string get(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
// 走訪桶,若找到 key ,則返回對應 val
for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {
if (pair->key == key) {
return pair->val;
}
}
// 若未找到 key ,則返回空字串
return "";
}
/* 新增操作 */
void put(int key, string val) {
// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
int index = hashFunc(key);
// 走訪桶,若遇到指定 key ,則更新對應 val 並返回
for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {
if (pair->key == key) {
pair->val = val;
return;
}
}
// 若無該 key ,則將鍵值對新增至尾部
buckets[index].push_back(new Pair(key, val));
size++;
}
/* 刪除操作 */
void remove(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
auto &bucket = buckets[index];
// 走訪桶,從中刪除鍵值對
for (int i = 0; i < bucket.size(); i++) {
if (bucket[i]->key == key) {
Pair *tmp = bucket[i];
bucket.erase(bucket.begin() + i); // 從中刪除鍵值對
delete tmp; // 釋放記憶體
size--;
return;
}
}
}
/* 擴容雜湊表 */
void extend() {
// 暫存原雜湊表
vector<vector<Pair *>> bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets.clear();
buckets.resize(capacity);
size = 0;
// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
for (auto &bucket : bucketsTmp) {
for (Pair *pair : bucket) {
put(pair->key, pair->val);
// 釋放記憶體
delete pair;
}
}
}
/* 列印雜湊表 */
void print() {
for (auto &bucket : buckets) {
cout << "[";
for (Pair *pair : bucket) {
cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << ", ";
}
cout << "]\n";
}
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化雜湊表 */
HashMapChaining map = HashMapChaining();
/* 新增操作 */
// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, value)
map.put(12836, "小哈");
map.put(15937, "小囉");
map.put(16750, "小算");
map.put(13276, "小法");
map.put(10583, "小鴨");
cout << "\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value" << endl;
map.print();
/* 查詢操作 */
// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 value
string name = map.get(13276);
cout << "\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 " << name << endl;
/* 刪除操作 */
// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, value)
map.remove(12836);
cout << "\n刪除 12836 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value" << endl;
map.print();
return 0;
}