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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/cpp/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.cpp

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/**
* File: binary_search_edge.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-08-04
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 二分搜尋插入點(存在重複元素) */
int binarySearchInsertion(const vector<int> &nums, int target) {
int i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // 初始化雙閉區間 [0, n-1]
while (i <= j) {
int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // 計算中點索引 m
if (nums[m] < target) {
i = m + 1; // target 在區間 [m+1, j] 中
} else {
j = m - 1; // 首個小於 target 的元素在區間 [i, m-1] 中
}
}
// 返回插入點 i
return i;
}
/* 二分搜尋最左一個 target */
int binarySearchLeftEdge(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
// 等價於查詢 target 的插入點
int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);
// 未找到 target ,返回 -1
if (i == nums.size() || nums[i] != target) {
return -1;
}
// 找到 target ,返回索引 i
return i;
}
/* 二分搜尋最右一個 target */
int binarySearchRightEdge(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
// 轉化為查詢最左一個 target + 1
int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);
// j 指向最右一個 target i 指向首個大於 target 的元素
int j = i - 1;
// 未找到 target ,返回 -1
if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {
return -1;
}
// 找到 target ,返回索引 j
return j;
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
// 包含重複元素的陣列
vector<int> nums = {1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 12, 15};
cout << "\n陣列 nums = ";
printVector(nums);
// 二分搜尋左邊界和右邊界
for (int target : {6, 7}) {
int index = binarySearchLeftEdge(nums, target);
cout << "最左一個元素 " << target << " 的索引為 " << index << endl;
index = binarySearchRightEdge(nums, target);
cout << "最右一個元素 " << target << " 的索引為 " << index << endl;
}
return 0;
}