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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/c/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.c

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/**
* File: array_binary_tree.c
* Created Time: 2023-07-29
* Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
/* 陣列表示下的二元樹結構體 */
typedef struct {
int *tree;
int size;
} ArrayBinaryTree;
/* 建構子 */
ArrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(int *arr, int arrSize) {
ArrayBinaryTree *abt = (ArrayBinaryTree *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayBinaryTree));
abt->tree = malloc(sizeof(int) * arrSize);
memcpy(abt->tree, arr, sizeof(int) * arrSize);
abt->size = arrSize;
return abt;
}
/* 析構函式 */
void delArrayBinaryTree(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
free(abt->tree);
free(abt);
}
/* 串列容量 */
int size(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
return abt->size;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的值 */
int val(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i) {
// 若索引越界,則返回 INT_MAX ,代表空位
if (i < 0 || i >= size(abt))
return INT_MAX;
return abt->tree[i];
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的左子節點的索引 */
int left(int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的右子節點的索引 */
int right(int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的父節點的索引 */
int parent(int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2;
}
/* 層序走訪 */
int *levelOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {
int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));
int index = 0;
// 直接走訪陣列
for (int i = 0; i < size(abt); i++) {
if (val(abt, i) != INT_MAX)
res[index++] = val(abt, i);
}
*returnSize = index;
return res;
}
/* 深度優先走訪 */
void dfs(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i, char *order, int *res, int *index) {
// 若為空位,則返回
if (val(abt, i) == INT_MAX)
return;
// 前序走訪
if (strcmp(order, "pre") == 0)
res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);
dfs(abt, left(i), order, res, index);
// 中序走訪
if (strcmp(order, "in") == 0)
res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);
dfs(abt, right(i), order, res, index);
// 後序走訪
if (strcmp(order, "post") == 0)
res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);
}
/* 前序走訪 */
int *preOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {
int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));
int index = 0;
dfs(abt, 0, "pre", res, &index);
*returnSize = index;
return res;
}
/* 中序走訪 */
int *inOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {
int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));
int index = 0;
dfs(abt, 0, "in", res, &index);
*returnSize = index;
return res;
}
/* 後序走訪 */
int *postOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {
int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));
int index = 0;
dfs(abt, 0, "post", res, &index);
*returnSize = index;
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
// 初始化二元樹
// 使用 INT_MAX 代表空位 NULL
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};
int arrSize = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
TreeNode *root = arrayToTree(arr, arrSize);
printf("\n初始化二元樹\n");
printf("二元樹的陣列表示:\n");
printArray(arr, arrSize);
printf("二元樹的鏈結串列表示:\n");
printTree(root);
ArrayBinaryTree *abt = newArrayBinaryTree(arr, arrSize);
// 訪問節點
int i = 1;
int l = left(i), r = right(i), p = parent(i);
printf("\n當前節點的索引為 %d值為 %d\n", i, val(abt, i));
printf("其左子節點的索引為 %d值為 %d\n", l, l < arrSize ? val(abt, l) : INT_MAX);
printf("其右子節點的索引為 %d值為 %d\n", r, r < arrSize ? val(abt, r) : INT_MAX);
printf("其父節點的索引為 %d值為 %d\n", p, p < arrSize ? val(abt, p) : INT_MAX);
// 走訪樹
int returnSize;
int *res;
res = levelOrder(abt, &returnSize);
printf("\n層序走訪為: ");
printArray(res, returnSize);
free(res);
res = preOrder(abt, &returnSize);
printf("前序走訪為: ");
printArray(res, returnSize);
free(res);
res = inOrder(abt, &returnSize);
printf("中序走訪為: ");
printArray(res, returnSize);
free(res);
res = postOrder(abt, &returnSize);
printf("後序走訪為: ");
printArray(res, returnSize);
free(res);
// 釋放記憶體
delArrayBinaryTree(abt);
return 0;
}