|
|
/*
|
|
|
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.rs
|
|
|
* Created Time: 2023-07-16
|
|
|
* Author: WSL0809 (wslzzy@outlook.com), night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
#![allow(non_snake_case)]
|
|
|
#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
|
mod array_hash_map;
|
|
|
|
|
|
use array_hash_map::Pair;
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
|
|
|
struct HashMapOpenAddressing {
|
|
|
size: usize, // 键值对数量
|
|
|
capacity: usize, // 哈希表容量
|
|
|
load_thres: f64, // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
|
|
|
extend_ratio: usize, // 扩容倍数
|
|
|
buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>, // 桶数组
|
|
|
TOMBSTONE: Option<Pair>, // 删除标记
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
impl HashMapOpenAddressing {
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
fn new() -> Self {
|
|
|
Self {
|
|
|
size: 0,
|
|
|
capacity: 4,
|
|
|
load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,
|
|
|
extend_ratio: 2,
|
|
|
buckets: vec![None; 4],
|
|
|
TOMBSTONE: Some(Pair {key: -1, val: "-1".to_string()}),
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 哈希函数 */
|
|
|
fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {
|
|
|
(key % self.capacity as i32) as usize
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 负载因子 */
|
|
|
fn load_factor(&self) -> f64 {
|
|
|
self.size as f64 / self.capacity as f64
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
|
|
|
fn find_bucket(&mut self, key: i32) -> usize {
|
|
|
let mut index = self.hash_func(key);
|
|
|
let mut first_tombstone = -1;
|
|
|
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
|
|
|
while self.buckets[index].is_some() {
|
|
|
// 若遇到 key,返回对应的桶索引
|
|
|
if self.buckets[index].as_ref().unwrap().key == key {
|
|
|
// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将建值对移动至该索引
|
|
|
if first_tombstone != -1 {
|
|
|
self.buckets[first_tombstone as usize] = self.buckets[index].take();
|
|
|
self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();
|
|
|
return first_tombstone as usize; // 返回移动后的桶索引
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
return index; // 返回桶索引
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
|
|
|
if first_tombstone == -1 && self.buckets[index] == self.TOMBSTONE {
|
|
|
first_tombstone = index as i32;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
|
|
|
index = (index + 1) % self.capacity;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
|
|
|
if first_tombstone == -1 { index } else { first_tombstone as usize }
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 查询操作 */
|
|
|
fn get(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> {
|
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
|
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
|
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
|
|
|
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
|
|
|
return self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val as &str);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加操作 */
|
|
|
fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) {
|
|
|
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
|
|
|
if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres {
|
|
|
self.extend();
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
|
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
|
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
|
|
|
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
|
|
|
self.buckets[index].as_mut().unwrap().val = val;
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
|
|
|
self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair { key, val });
|
|
|
self.size += 1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除操作 */
|
|
|
fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {
|
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
|
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
|
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
|
|
|
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
|
|
|
self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();
|
|
|
self.size -= 1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 扩容哈希表 */
|
|
|
fn extend(&mut self) {
|
|
|
// 暂存原哈希表
|
|
|
let buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone();
|
|
|
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
|
|
|
self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;
|
|
|
self.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity];
|
|
|
self.size = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
|
|
|
for pair in buckets_tmp {
|
|
|
if pair.is_none() || pair == self.TOMBSTONE {
|
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
let pair = pair.unwrap();
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.put(pair.key, pair.val);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
/* 打印哈希表 */
|
|
|
fn print(&self) {
|
|
|
for pair in &self.buckets {
|
|
|
if pair.is_none() {
|
|
|
println!("null");
|
|
|
} else if pair == &self.TOMBSTONE {
|
|
|
println!("TOMBSTONE");
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
let pair = pair.as_ref().unwrap();
|
|
|
println!("{} -> {}", pair.key, pair.val);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
|
fn main() {
|
|
|
/* 初始化哈希表 */
|
|
|
let mut hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing::new();
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加操作 */
|
|
|
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
|
|
|
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈".to_string());
|
|
|
hashmap.put(15937, "小啰".to_string());
|
|
|
hashmap.put(16750, "小算".to_string());
|
|
|
hashmap.put(13276, "小法".to_string());
|
|
|
hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭".to_string());
|
|
|
|
|
|
println!("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
|
|
hashmap.print();
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 查询操作 */
|
|
|
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 val
|
|
|
let name = hashmap.get(13276).unwrap();
|
|
|
println!("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 {}", name);
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除操作 */
|
|
|
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
|
|
|
hashmap.remove(16750);
|
|
|
println!("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
|
|
hashmap.print();
|
|
|
}
|