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160 lines
4.2 KiB
160 lines
4.2 KiB
/**
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* File: my_heap.java
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* Created Time: 2023-01-07
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* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_heap;
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import utils.*;
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import java.util.*;
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/* 大顶堆 */
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class MaxHeap {
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// 使用列表而非数组,这样无须考虑扩容问题
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private List<Integer> maxHeap;
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/* 构造方法,根据输入列表建堆 */
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public MaxHeap(List<Integer> nums) {
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// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
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maxHeap = new ArrayList<>(nums);
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// 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
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for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 获取左子节点的索引 */
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private int left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 获取右子节点的索引 */
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private int right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 获取父节点的索引 */
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private int parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 交换元素 */
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private void swap(int i, int j) {
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int tmp = maxHeap.get(i);
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maxHeap.set(i, maxHeap.get(j));
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maxHeap.set(j, tmp);
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}
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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public int size() {
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return maxHeap.size();
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}
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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public boolean isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 访问堆顶元素 */
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public int peek() {
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return maxHeap.get(0);
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}
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/* 元素入堆 */
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public void push(int val) {
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// 添加节点
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maxHeap.add(val);
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// 从底至顶堆化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
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private void siftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 获取节点 i 的父节点
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int p = parent(i);
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// 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时,结束堆化
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap.get(i) <= maxHeap.get(p))
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break;
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// 交换两节点
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swap(i, p);
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// 循环向上堆化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆 */
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public int pop() {
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// 判空处理
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if (isEmpty())
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throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
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// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素)
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swap(0, size() - 1);
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// 删除节点
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int val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);
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// 从顶至底堆化
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siftDown(0);
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// 返回堆顶元素
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return val;
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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private void siftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
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int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < size() && maxHeap.get(l) > maxHeap.get(ma))
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ma = l;
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if (r < size() && maxHeap.get(r) > maxHeap.get(ma))
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ma = r;
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// 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无须继续堆化,跳出
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if (ma == i)
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break;
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// 交换两节点
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swap(i, ma);
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// 循环向下堆化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
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public void print() {
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Queue<Integer> queue = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> { return b - a; });
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queue.addAll(maxHeap);
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PrintUtil.printHeap(queue);
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}
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}
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public class my_heap {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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/* 初始化大顶堆 */
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MaxHeap maxHeap = new MaxHeap(Arrays.asList(9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2));
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System.out.println("\n输入列表并建堆后");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆顶元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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System.out.format("\n堆顶元素为 %d\n", peek);
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/* 元素入堆 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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System.out.format("\n元素 %d 入堆后\n", val);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
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peek = maxHeap.pop();
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System.out.format("\n堆顶元素 %d 出堆后\n", peek);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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System.out.format("\n堆元素数量为 %d\n", size);
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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boolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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System.out.format("\n堆是否为空 %b\n", isEmpty);
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}
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}
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