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3.2. &nbsp; 数据结构分类
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4.1. &nbsp; 数组
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4.2. &nbsp; 链表
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4.3. &nbsp; 列表
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4.4. &nbsp; 小结
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5. &nbsp; &nbsp; 栈与队列
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5.1. &nbsp;
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5.2. &nbsp; 队列
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5.3. &nbsp; 双向队列
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5.4. &nbsp; 小结
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7.1. &nbsp; 哈希表
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7.2. &nbsp; 哈希冲突处理
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8.1. &nbsp; 二叉树
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8.2. &nbsp; 二叉树遍历
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8.3. &nbsp; 二叉树数组表示
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8.4. &nbsp; 二叉搜索树
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8.5. &nbsp; AVL 树 *
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9.1. &nbsp;
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9.2. &nbsp; 建堆操作 *
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10. &nbsp; &nbsp;
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10.1. &nbsp;
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10.2. &nbsp; 图基础操作
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10.3. &nbsp; 图的遍历
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11. &nbsp; &nbsp; 排序算法
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11.1. &nbsp; 排序算法
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11.2. &nbsp; 冒泡排序
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11.3. &nbsp; 插入排序
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11.4. &nbsp; 快速排序
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11.5. &nbsp; 归并排序
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11.6. &nbsp; 桶排序
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11.7. &nbsp; 计数排序
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11.8. &nbsp; 基数排序
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12. &nbsp; &nbsp; 搜索算法
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12.2. &nbsp; 哈希优化策略
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13.1. &nbsp; 回溯算法New
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13.2. &nbsp; 全排列问题New
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13.3. &nbsp; N 皇后问题New
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0.2.1. &nbsp; 算法学习路线
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0.2.2. &nbsp; 行文风格约定
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/docs/chapter_preface/suggestions.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"/></svg>
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<h1 id="02">0.2. &nbsp; 如何使用本书<a class="headerlink" href="#02" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>为了获得最佳的阅读体验,建议您通读本节内容。</p>
</div>
<h2 id="021">0.2.1. &nbsp; 算法学习路线<a class="headerlink" href="#021" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>从总体上看,我们可以将学习数据结构与算法的过程划分为三个阶段:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>算法入门</strong>。我们需要熟悉各种数据结构的特点和用法,学习不同算法的原理、流程、用途和效率等方面内容。</li>
<li><strong>刷算法题</strong>。建议从热门题目开刷,如<a href="https://leetcode.cn/problem-list/xb9nqhhg/">剑指 Offer</a><a href="https://leetcode.cn/problem-list/2cktkvj/">LeetCode Hot 100</a>,先积累至少 100 道题目,熟悉主流的算法问题。初次刷题时,“知识遗忘”可能是一个挑战,但请放心,这是很正常的。我们可以按照“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”来复习题目,通常在进行 3-5 轮的重复后,就能将其牢记在心。</li>
<li><strong>搭建知识体系</strong>。在学习方面,我们可以阅读算法专栏文章、解题框架和算法教材,以不断丰富知识体系。在刷题方面,可以尝试采用进阶刷题策略,如按专题分类、一题多解、一解多题等,相关的刷题心得可以在各个社区找到。</li>
</ol>
<p>作为一本入门教程,本书内容主要涵盖“第一阶段”,旨在帮助你更高效地展开第二和第三阶段的学习。</p>
<p><img alt="算法学习路线" src="../suggestions.assets/learning_route.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> Fig. 算法学习路线 </p>
<h2 id="022">0.2.2. &nbsp; 行文风格约定<a class="headerlink" href="#022" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>标题后标注 <code>*</code> 的是选读章节,内容相对困难。如果你的时间有限,建议可以先跳过。</p>
<p>文章中的重要名词会用 <code>「 」</code> 括号标注,例如 <code>「数组 Array」</code> 。请务必记住这些名词,包括英文翻译,以便后续阅读文献时使用。</p>
<p><strong>加粗的文字</strong> 表示重点内容或总结性语句,这类文字值得特别关注。</p>
<p>专有名词和有特指含义的词句会使用 <code>“双引号”</code> 标注,以避免歧义。</p>
<p>本书部分放弃了编程语言的注释规范,以换取更加紧凑的内容排版。注释主要分为三种类型:标题注释、内容注释、多行注释。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="c1"># 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="sd">多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="sd">注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="c1">// 标题注释,用于标注函数、类、测试样例等</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释,用于详解代码</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="c1">// 多行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="c1">// 注释</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="023">0.2.3. &nbsp; 在动画图解中高效学习<a class="headerlink" href="#023" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>相较于文字,视频和图片具有更高的信息密度和结构化程度,因此更易于理解。在本书中,<strong>重点和难点知识将主要通过动画和图解形式展示</strong>,而文字则作为动画和图片的解释与补充。</p>
<p>在阅读本书时,如果发现某段内容提供了动画或图解,<strong>建议以图为主线</strong>,以文字(通常位于图像上方)为辅,综合两者来理解内容。</p>
<p><img alt="动画图解示例" src="../suggestions.assets/animation.gif" /></p>
<p align="center"> Fig. 动画图解示例 </p>
<h2 id="024">0.2.4. &nbsp; 在代码实践中加深理解<a class="headerlink" href="#024" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>本书的配套代码托管在<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo">GitHub 仓库</a><strong>源代码包含详细注释,并附有测试样例,可直接运行</strong></p>
<p>如果学习时间有限,建议你至少通读并运行所有代码。如果时间充裕,<strong>建议参照代码自行敲一遍</strong>。与仅阅读代码相比,编写代码的过程往往能带来更多收获。</p>
<p><img alt="运行代码示例" src="../suggestions.assets/running_code.gif" /></p>
<p align="center"> Fig. 运行代码示例 </p>
<p><strong>第一步:安装本地编程环境</strong>。请参照<a href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_appendix/installation/">附录教程</a>进行安装,如果已安装则可跳过此步骤。</p>
<p><strong>第二步:下载代码仓</strong>。如果已经安装 <a href="https://git-scm.com/downloads">Git</a> ,可以通过以下命令克隆本仓库。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a>git<span class="w"> </span>clone<span class="w"> </span>https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
</code></pre></div>
<p>当然你也可以点击“Download ZIP”直接下载代码压缩包然后在本地解压即可。</p>
<p><img alt="克隆仓库与下载代码" src="../suggestions.assets/download_code.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> Fig. 克隆仓库与下载代码 </p>
<p><strong>第三步:运行源代码</strong>。如果代码块顶部标有文件名称,则可以在仓库的 <code>codes</code> 文件夹中找到相应的源代码文件。源代码文件将帮助你节省不必要的调试时间,让你能够专注于学习内容。</p>
<p><img alt="代码块与对应的源代码文件" src="../suggestions.assets/code_md_to_repo.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> Fig. 代码块与对应的源代码文件 </p>
<h2 id="025">0.2.5. &nbsp; 在提问讨论中共同成长<a class="headerlink" href="#025" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>阅读本书时,请不要“惯着”那些没学明白的知识点。<strong>欢迎在评论区提出你的问题</strong>,我和其他小伙伴们将竭诚为你解答,一般情况下可在两天内得到回复。</p>
<p>同时,也希望您能在评论区多花些时间。一方面,您可以了解大家遇到的问题,从而查漏补缺,这将有助于激发更深入的思考。另一方面,希望您能慷慨地回答其他小伙伴的问题、分享您的见解,让大家共同学习和进步。</p>
<p><img alt="评论区示例" src="../suggestions.assets/comment.gif" /></p>
<p align="center"> Fig. 评论区示例 </p>
<h2 id="__comments">评论</h2>
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