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hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_heap/my_heap.cpp

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/**
* File: my_heap.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-02-04
* Author: LoneRanger (836253168@qq.com), what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 大顶堆 */
class MaxHeap {
private:
// 使用动态数组,这样无须考虑扩容问题
vector<int> maxHeap;
/* 获取左子节点索引 */
int left(int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 获取右子节点索引 */
int right(int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 获取父节点索引 */
int parent(int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下取整
}
/* 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
void siftUp(int i) {
while (true) {
// 获取节点 i 的父节点
int p = parent(i);
// 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时,结束堆化
if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
break;
// 交换两节点
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);
// 循环向上堆化
i = p;
}
}
/* 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
void siftDown(int i) {
while (true) {
// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
ma = l;
if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
ma = r;
// 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无须继续堆化,跳出
if (ma == i)
break;
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);
// 循环向下堆化
i = ma;
}
}
public:
/* 构造方法,根据输入列表建堆 */
MaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {
// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
maxHeap = nums;
// 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
siftDown(i);
}
}
/* 获取堆大小 */
int size() {
return maxHeap.size();
}
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
bool isEmpty() {
return size() == 0;
}
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
int peek() {
return maxHeap[0];
}
/* 元素入堆 */
void push(int val) {
// 添加节点
maxHeap.push_back(val);
// 从底至顶堆化
siftUp(size() - 1);
}
/* 元素出堆 */
void pop() {
// 判空处理
if (isEmpty()) {
throw out_of_range("堆为空");
}
// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);
// 删除节点
maxHeap.pop_back();
// 从顶至底堆化
siftDown(0);
}
/* 打印堆(二叉树)*/
void print() {
cout << "堆的数组表示:";
printVector(maxHeap);
cout << "堆的树状表示:" << endl;
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(maxHeap);
printTree(root);
freeMemoryTree(root);
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化大顶堆 */
vector<int> vec{9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2};
MaxHeap maxHeap(vec);
cout << "\n输入列表并建堆后" << endl;
maxHeap.print();
/* 获取堆顶元素 */
int peek = maxHeap.peek();
cout << "\n堆顶元素为 " << peek << endl;
/* 元素入堆 */
int val = 7;
maxHeap.push(val);
cout << "\n元素 " << val << " 入堆后" << endl;
maxHeap.print();
/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
peek = maxHeap.peek();
maxHeap.pop();
cout << "\n堆顶元素 " << peek << " 出堆后" << endl;
maxHeap.print();
/* 获取堆大小 */
int size = maxHeap.size();
cout << "\n堆元素数量为 " << size << endl;
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
bool isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
cout << "\n堆是否为空 " << isEmpty << endl;
return 0;
}