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hello-algo/codes/zig/chapter_tree/avl_tree.zig

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// File: avl_tree.zig
// Created Time: 2023-01-15
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
const std = @import("std");
const inc = @import("include");
// AVL 树
pub fn AVLTree(comptime T: type) type {
return struct {
const Self = @This();
root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null, // 根节点
mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,
mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // 内存分配器
// 构造函数
pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
if (self.mem_arena == null) {
self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);
self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();
}
}
// 析构函数
pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
if (self.mem_arena == null) return;
self.mem_arena.?.deinit();
}
// 获取结点高度
fn height(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {
_ = self;
// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
return if (node == null) -1 else node.?.height;
}
// 更新结点高度
fn updateHeight(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) void {
// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
node.?.height = std.math.max(self.height(node.?.left), self.height(node.?.right)) + 1;
}
// 获取平衡因子
fn balanceFactor(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {
// 空结点平衡因子为 0
if (node == null) return 0;
// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
return self.height(node.?.left) - self.height(node.?.right);
}
// 右旋操作
fn rightRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
var child = node.?.left;
var grandChild = child.?.right;
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
child.?.right = node;
node.?.left = grandChild;
// 更新结点高度
self.updateHeight(node);
self.updateHeight(child);
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
return child;
}
// 左旋操作
fn leftRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
var child = node.?.right;
var grandChild = child.?.left;
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
child.?.left = node;
node.?.right = grandChild;
// 更新结点高度
self.updateHeight(node);
self.updateHeight(child);
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
return child;
}
// 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
fn rotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
var balance_factor = self.balanceFactor(node);
// 左偏树
if (balance_factor > 1) {
if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.left) >= 0) {
// 右旋
return self.rightRotate(node);
} else {
// 先左旋后右旋
node.?.left = self.leftRotate(node.?.left);
return self.rightRotate(node);
}
}
// 右偏树
if (balance_factor < -1) {
if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.right) <= 0) {
// 左旋
return self.leftRotate(node);
} else {
// 先右旋后左旋
node.?.right = self.rightRotate(node.?.right);
return self.leftRotate(node);
}
}
// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
return node;
}
// 插入结点
fn insert(self: *Self, val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
self.root = try self.insertHelper(self.root, val);
return self.root;
}
// 递归插入结点(辅助函数)
fn insertHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
var node = node_;
if (node == null) {
var tmp_node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
tmp_node.init(val);
return tmp_node;
}
// 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点
if (val < node.?.val) {
node.?.left = try self.insertHelper(node.?.left, val);
} else if (val > node.?.val) {
node.?.right = try self.insertHelper(node.?.right, val);
} else {
return node; // 重复结点不插入,直接返回
}
self.updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
// 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
node = self.rotate(node);
// 返回子树的根节点
return node;
}
// 删除结点
fn remove(self: *Self, val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
self.root = self.removeHelper(self.root, val);
return self.root;
}
// 递归删除结点(辅助函数)
fn removeHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
var node = node_;
if (node == null) return null;
// 1. 查找结点,并删除之
if (val < node.?.val) {
node.?.left = self.removeHelper(node.?.left, val);
} else if (val > node.?.val) {
node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, val);
} else {
if (node.?.left == null or node.?.right == null) {
var child = if (node.?.left != null) node.?.left else node.?.right;
// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
if (child == null) {
return null;
// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
} else {
node = child;
}
} else {
// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
var temp = self.getInOrderNext(node.?.right);
node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, temp.?.val);
node.?.val = temp.?.val;
}
}
self.updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
// 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
node = self.rotate(node);
// 返回子树的根节点
return node;
}
// 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况)
fn getInOrderNext(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
_ = self;
var node = node_;
if (node == null) return node;
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
while (node.?.left != null) {
node = node.?.left;
}
return node;
}
// 查找结点
fn search(self: *Self, val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
var cur = self.root;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur != null) {
// 目标结点在 cur 的右子树中
if (cur.?.val < val) {
cur = cur.?.right;
// 目标结点在 cur 的左子树中
} else if (cur.?.val > val) {
cur = cur.?.left;
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
} else {
break;
}
}
// 返回目标结点
return cur;
}
};
}
pub fn testInsert(comptime T: type, tree_: *AVLTree(T), val: T) !void {
var tree = tree_;
_ = try tree.insert(val);
std.debug.print("\n插入结点 {} 后AVL 树为\n", .{val});
try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root, null, false);
}
pub fn testRemove(comptime T: type, tree_: *AVLTree(T), val: T) void {
var tree = tree_;
_ = tree.remove(val);
std.debug.print("\n删除结点 {} 后AVL 树为\n", .{val});
try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root, null, false);
}
// Driver Code
pub fn main() !void {
// 初始化空 AVL 树
var avl_tree = AVLTree(i32){};
avl_tree.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
defer avl_tree.deinit();
// 插入结点
// 请关注插入结点后AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 1);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 2);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 3);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 4);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 5);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 8);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 7);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 9);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 10);
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 6);
// 插入重复结点
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 7);
// 删除结点
// 请关注删除结点后AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的结点
testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的结点
testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的结点
// 查找结点
var node = avl_tree.search(7).?;
std.debug.print("\n查找到的结点对象为 {any},结点值 = {}\n", .{node, node.val});
_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
}