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第 8 章 &nbsp;
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9.2 &nbsp; 图基础操作
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9.3 &nbsp; 图的遍历
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第 10 章 &nbsp; 搜索
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第 10 章 &nbsp; 搜索
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10.1 &nbsp; 二分查找
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10.2 &nbsp; 二分查找插入点
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10.3 &nbsp; 二分查找边界
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10.4 &nbsp; 哈希优化策略
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10.5 &nbsp; 重识搜索算法
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第 11 章 &nbsp; 排序
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11.2 &nbsp; 选择排序
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11.3 &nbsp; 冒泡排序
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11.4 &nbsp; 插入排序
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11.7 &nbsp; 堆排序
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11.8 &nbsp; 桶排序
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11.9 &nbsp; 计数排序
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11.10 &nbsp; 基数排序
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第 12 章 &nbsp; 分治
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12.1 &nbsp; 分治算法
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第 13 章 &nbsp; 回溯
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13.4 &nbsp; N 皇后问题
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第 14 章 &nbsp; 动态规划
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14.1 &nbsp; 初探动态规划
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14.2 &nbsp; DP 问题特性
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14.3 &nbsp; DP 解题思路
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14.4 &nbsp; 0-1 背包问题
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14.6 &nbsp; 编辑距离问题
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<h1 id="54">5.4 &nbsp; 小结<a class="headerlink" href="#54" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 重点回顾<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>栈是一种遵循先入后出原则的数据结构,可通过数组或链表来实现。</li>
<li>在时间效率方面,栈的数组实现具有较高的平均效率,但在扩容过程中,单次入栈操作的时间复杂度会劣化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。相比之下,栈的链表实现具有更为稳定的效率表现。</li>
<li>在空间效率方面,栈的数组实现可能导致一定程度的空间浪费。但需要注意的是,链表节点所占用的内存空间比数组元素更大。</li>
<li>队列是一种遵循先入先出原则的数据结构,同样可以通过数组或链表来实现。在时间效率和空间效率的对比上,队列的结论与前述栈的结论相似。</li>
<li>双向队列是一种具有更高自由度的队列,它允许在两端进行元素的添加和删除操作。</li>
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<h3 id="2-q-a">2. &nbsp; Q &amp; A<a class="headerlink" href="#2-q-a" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p><strong>Q</strong>:浏览器的前进后退是否是双向链表实现?</p>
<p>浏览器的前进后退功能本质上是“栈”的体现。当用户访问一个新页面时,该页面会被添加到栈顶;当用户点击后退按钮时,该页面会从栈顶弹出。使用双向队列可以方便地实现一些额外操作,这个在“双向队列”章节有提到。</p>
<p><strong>Q</strong>:在出栈后,是否需要释放出栈节点的内存?</p>
<p>如果后续仍需要使用弹出节点,则不需要释放内存。若之后不需要用到,<code>Java</code><code>Python</code> 等语言拥有自动垃圾回收机制,因此不需要手动释放内存;在 <code>C</code><code>C++</code> 中需要手动释放内存。</p>
<p><strong>Q</strong>:双向队列像是两个栈拼接在了一起,它的用途是什么?</p>
<p>双向队列就像是栈和队列的组合或两个栈拼在了一起。它表现的是栈 + 队列的逻辑,因此可以实现栈与队列的所有应用,并且更加灵活。</p>
<p><strong>Q</strong>撤销undo和反撤销redo具体是如何实现的</p>
<p>使用两个栈,栈 <code>A</code> 用于撤销,栈 <code>B</code> 用于反撤销。</p>
<ol>
<li>每当用户执行一个操作,将这个操作压入栈 <code>A</code> ,并清空栈 <code>B</code></li>
<li>当用户执行“撤销”时,从栈 <code>A</code> 中弹出最近的操作,并将其压入栈 <code>B</code></li>
<li>当用户执行“反撤销”时,从栈 <code>B</code> 中弹出最近的操作,并将其压入栈 <code>A</code></li>
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