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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/java/chapter_computational_compl.../recursion.java

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/**
* File: recursion.java
* Created Time: 2023-08-24
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_computational_complexity;
import java.util.Stack;
public class recursion {
/* 遞迴 */
static int recur(int n) {
// 終止條件
if (n == 1)
return 1;
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
int res = recur(n - 1);
// 迴:返回結果
return n + res;
}
/* 使用迭代模擬遞迴 */
static int forLoopRecur(int n) {
// 使用一個顯式的堆疊來模擬系統呼叫堆疊
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
int res = 0;
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
// 透過“入堆疊操作”模擬“遞”
stack.push(i);
}
// 迴:返回結果
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
// 透過“出堆疊操作”模擬“迴”
res += stack.pop();
}
// res = 1+2+3+...+n
return res;
}
/* 尾遞迴 */
static int tailRecur(int n, int res) {
// 終止條件
if (n == 0)
return res;
// 尾遞迴呼叫
return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);
}
/* 費波那契數列:遞迴 */
static int fib(int n) {
// 終止條件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
if (n == 1 || n == 2)
return n - 1;
// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
// 返回結果 f(n)
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 5;
int res;
res = recur(n);
System.out.println("\n遞迴函式的求和結果 res = " + res);
res = forLoopRecur(n);
System.out.println("\n使用迭代模擬遞迴求和結果 res = " + res);
res = tailRecur(n, 0);
System.out.println("\n尾遞迴函式的求和結果 res = " + res);
res = fib(n);
System.out.println("\n費波那契數列的第 " + n + " 項為 " + res);
}
}