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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py

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"""
File: binary_search_tree.py
Created Time: 2022-12-20
Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
"""
import sys
from pathlib import Path
sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
class BinarySearchTree:
"""二元搜尋樹"""
def __init__(self):
"""建構子"""
# 初始化空樹
self._root = None
def get_root(self) -> TreeNode | None:
"""獲取二元樹根節點"""
return self._root
def search(self, num: int) -> TreeNode | None:
"""查詢節點"""
cur = self._root
# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
while cur is not None:
# 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
if cur.val < num:
cur = cur.right
# 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
elif cur.val > num:
cur = cur.left
# 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
else:
break
return cur
def insert(self, num: int):
"""插入節點"""
# 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
if self._root is None:
self._root = TreeNode(num)
return
# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
cur, pre = self._root, None
while cur is not None:
# 找到重複節點,直接返回
if cur.val == num:
return
pre = cur
# 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
if cur.val < num:
cur = cur.right
# 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
else:
cur = cur.left
# 插入節點
node = TreeNode(num)
if pre.val < num:
pre.right = node
else:
pre.left = node
def remove(self, num: int):
"""刪除節點"""
# 若樹為空,直接提前返回
if self._root is None:
return
# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
cur, pre = self._root, None
while cur is not None:
# 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
if cur.val == num:
break
pre = cur
# 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
if cur.val < num:
cur = cur.right
# 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
else:
cur = cur.left
# 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
if cur is None:
return
# 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
if cur.left is None or cur.right is None:
# 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = null / 該子節點
child = cur.left or cur.right
# 刪除節點 cur
if cur != self._root:
if pre.left == cur:
pre.left = child
else:
pre.right = child
else:
# 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
self._root = child
# 子節點數量 = 2
else:
# 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
tmp: TreeNode = cur.right
while tmp.left is not None:
tmp = tmp.left
# 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
self.remove(tmp.val)
# 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
cur.val = tmp.val
"""Driver Code"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 初始化二元搜尋樹
bst = BinarySearchTree()
nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]
# 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
for num in nums:
bst.insert(num)
print("\n初始化的二元樹為\n")
print_tree(bst.get_root())
# 查詢節點
node = bst.search(7)
print("\n查詢到的節點物件為: {},節點值 = {}".format(node, node.val))
# 插入節點
bst.insert(16)
print("\n插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n")
print_tree(bst.get_root())
# 刪除節點
bst.remove(1)
print("\n刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n")
print_tree(bst.get_root())
bst.remove(2)
print("\n刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n")
print_tree(bst.get_root())
bst.remove(4)
print("\n刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n")
print_tree(bst.get_root())