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</a>
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</div>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
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0. 写在前面
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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0. 写在前面
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/about_the_book/" class="md-nav__link">
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0.1. 关于本书
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/suggestions/" class="md-nav__link">
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0.2. 如何使用本书
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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0.3. 小结
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</a>
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</nav>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
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1. 引言
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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1. 引言
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/" class="md-nav__link">
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1.1. 算法无处不在
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/" class="md-nav__link">
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1.2. 算法是什么
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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1.3. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
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2. 复杂度分析
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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2. 复杂度分析
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.1. 算法效率评估
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.2. 时间复杂度
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.3. 空间复杂度
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_time_tradeoff/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.4. 权衡时间与空间
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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2.5. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
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3. 数据结构简介
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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3. 数据结构简介
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/data_and_memory/" class="md-nav__link">
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3.1. 数据与内存
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
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3.2. 数据结构分类
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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3.3. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
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4. 数组与链表
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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4. 数组与链表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.1. 数组
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.2. 链表
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.3. 列表
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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4.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
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5. 栈与队列
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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5. 栈与队列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.1. 栈
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.2. 队列
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.3. 双向队列
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.4. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
|
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6. 散列表
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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6. 散列表
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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6.1. 哈希表
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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6.2. 哈希冲突处理
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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6.3. 小结
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
|
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7. 树
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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7. 树
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
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7.1. 二叉树
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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7.2. 二叉树遍历
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
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7.3. 二叉搜索树
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
7.4. AVL 树 *
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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7.5. 小结
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
8. 堆
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
8. 堆
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
8.1. 堆
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
8.2. 建堆操作 *
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
8.3. 小结
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
9. 图
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
9. 图
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
9.1. 图
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
9.2. 图基础操作
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
9.3. 图的遍历
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
9.4. 小结
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" checked>
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
10. 查找算法
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
10. 查找算法
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../linear_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.1. 线性查找
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.2. 二分查找
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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</li>
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
|
10.3. 哈希查找
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
10.3. 哈希查找
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
目录
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#1031" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.3.1. 算法实现
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#1032" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.3.2. 复杂度分析
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#1033" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.3.3. 优点与缺点
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
10.4. 小结
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
11. 排序算法
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
11. 排序算法
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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11.1. 排序简介
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.2. 冒泡排序
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.3. 插入排序
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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11.4. 快速排序
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11.5. 归并排序
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11.6. 小结
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10.3.1. 算法实现
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10.3.2. 复杂度分析
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/docs/chapter_searching/hashing_search.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"/></svg>
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<h1 id="103">10.3. 哈希查找<a class="headerlink" href="#103" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<div class="admonition question">
|
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<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
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<p>在数据量很大时，「线性查找」太慢；而「二分查找」要求数据必须是有序的，并且只能在数组中应用。那么是否有方法可以同时避免上述缺点呢？答案是肯定的，此方法被称为「哈希查找」。</p>
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</div>
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<p>「哈希查找 Hash Searching」借助一个哈希表来存储需要的「键值对 Key Value Pair」，我们可以在 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 时间下实现“键 <span class="arithmatex">\(\rightarrow\)</span> 值”映射查找，体现着“以空间换时间”的算法思想。</p>
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<h2 id="1031">10.3.1. 算法实现<a class="headerlink" href="#1031" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>如果我们想要给定数组中的一个目标元素 <code>target</code> ，获取该元素的索引，那么可以借助一个哈希表实现查找。</p>
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<p><img alt="哈希查找数组索引" src="../hashing_search.assets/hash_search_index.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 哈希查找数组索引 </p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（数组） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Map</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getOrDefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（数组） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unordered_map</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">];</span>
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|
|
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hashing_search_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mapp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 哈希查找（数组） """</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a> <span class="c1"># 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">mapp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（数组） */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ok</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ok</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（数组） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">has</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（数组） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Map</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">has</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（数组） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Dictionary</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetValueOrDefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（数组） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">map</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a> <span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="c1">// 哈希查找（数组）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashingSearchArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AutoHashMap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1 </span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>再比如，如果我们想要给定一个目标结点值 <code>target</code> ，获取对应的链表结点对象，那么也可以使用哈希查找实现。</p>
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<p><img alt="哈希查找链表结点" src="../hashing_search.assets/hash_search_listnode.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 哈希查找链表结点 </p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（链表） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Map</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 null</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getOrDefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（链表） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unordered_map</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">*></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 nullptr</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hashing_search_linkedlist</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mapp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" 哈希查找（链表） """</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 哈希表的 key: 目标元素，value: 结点对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a> <span class="c1"># 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 -1</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">mapp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（链表） */</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 nil</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ok</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ok</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（链表） */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 null</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">has</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
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|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（链表） */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Map</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 null</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">has</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
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|
</div>
|
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（链表） */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Dictionary</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 null</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetValueOrDefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 哈希查找（链表） */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">map</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">?</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a> <span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 null</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hashing_search.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="c1">// 哈希查找（链表）</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashingSearchLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AutoHashMap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值，value: 结点对象</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若哈希表中无此 key ，返回 null </span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
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|
</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="1032">10.3.2. 复杂度分析<a class="headerlink" href="#1032" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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|
<p><strong>时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></strong> ：哈希表的查找操作使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 时间。</p>
|
|
|
<p><strong>空间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> ：其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 为数组或链表长度。</p>
|
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|
<h2 id="1033">10.3.3. 优点与缺点<a class="headerlink" href="#1033" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>在哈希表中，<strong>查找、插入、删除操作的平均时间复杂度都为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></strong> ，这意味着无论是高频增删还是高频查找场景，哈希查找的性能表现都非常好。当然，一切的前提是保证哈希表未退化。</p>
|
|
|
<p>即使如此，哈希查找仍存在一些问题，在实际应用中，需要根据情况灵活选择方法。</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>辅助哈希表 <strong>需要使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 的额外空间</strong>，意味着需要预留更多的计算机内存；</li>
|
|
|
<li>建立和维护哈希表需要时间，因此哈希查找 <strong>不适合高频增删、低频查找的使用场景</strong>；</li>
|
|
|
<li>当哈希冲突严重时，哈希表会退化为链表，<strong>时间复杂度劣化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> ；</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>当数据量很小时，线性查找比哈希查找更快</strong>。这是因为计算哈希映射函数可能比遍历一个小型数组更慢；</li>
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|
|
</ul>
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<h2 id="__comments">评论</h2>
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<script
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src="https://giscus.app/client.js"
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|
data-repo="krahets/hello-algo"
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|
data-repo-id="R_kgDOIXtSqw"
|
|
|
data-category="Announcements"
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|
|
data-category-id="DIC_kwDOIXtSq84CSZk_"
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|
|
data-mapping="pathname"
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|
|
data-strict="1"
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|
data-reactions-enabled="1"
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|
data-emit-metadata="0"
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|
data-input-position="bottom"
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|
data-theme="preferred_color_scheme"
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|
data-lang="zh-CN"
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crossorigin="anonymous"
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async
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>
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</script>
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<!-- Synchronize Giscus theme with palette -->
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|
<script>
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|
var giscus = document.querySelector("script[src*=giscus]")
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|
|
|
|
/* Set palette on initial load */
|
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|
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
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|
if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
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|
|
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
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|
|
giscus.setAttribute("data-theme", theme)
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|
|
}
|
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|
/* Register event handlers after documented loaded */
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|
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
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var ref = document.querySelector("[data-md-component=palette]")
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ref.addEventListener("change", function() {
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|
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
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if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
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|
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
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|
|
|
/* Instruct Giscus to change theme */
|
|
|
var frame = document.querySelector(".giscus-frame")
|
|
|
frame.contentWindow.postMessage(
|
|
|
{ giscus: { setConfig: { theme } } },
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|
|
"https://giscus.app"
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)
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|
|
}
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
})
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|
</script>
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</article>
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</div>
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