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184 lines
5.0 KiB
184 lines
5.0 KiB
/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.c
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* Created Time: 2023-01-11
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* Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.h"
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/* 二叉搜索树 */
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typedef struct {
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TreeNode *root;
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} BinarySearchTree;
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/* 比较器:从小到大排序 */
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int sortIntHelper(const void *a, const void *b) {
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return (*(int *)a - *(int *)b);
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}
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/* 构建二叉搜索树 */
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TreeNode *buildTree(int nums[], int i, int j) {
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if (i > j) {
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return NULL;
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}
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// 将数组中间节点作为根节点
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int mid = (i + j) / 2;
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TreeNode *root = newTreeNode(nums[mid]);
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// 递归建立左子树和右子树
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root->left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
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root->right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
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return root;
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}
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BinarySearchTree *newBinarySearchTree(int nums[], int size) {
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BinarySearchTree *bst = (BinarySearchTree *)malloc(sizeof(BinarySearchTree));
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TreeNode *root;
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// 从小到大排序数组
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qsort(nums, size, sizeof(int), sortIntHelper);
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// 构建二叉搜索树
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root = buildTree(nums, 0, size - 1);
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bst->root = root;
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return bst;
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}
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/* 获取二叉树根节点 */
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TreeNode *getRoot(BinarySearchTree *bst) {
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return bst->root;
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}
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/* 查找节点 */
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TreeNode *search(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else if (cur->val > num) {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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cur = cur->left;
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} else {
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// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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break;
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}
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}
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// 返回目标节点
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return cur;
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}
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/* 插入节点 */
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void insert(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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// 若树为空,则初始化根节点
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if (bst->root == NULL) {
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bst->root = newTreeNode(num);
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return;
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}
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 找到重复节点,直接返回
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if (cur->val == num) {
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return;
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}
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pre = cur;
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else {
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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}
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// 插入节点
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TreeNode *node = newTreeNode(num);
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if (pre->val < num) {
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pre->right = node;
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} else {
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pre->left = node;
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}
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}
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/* 删除节点 */
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// 由于引入了 stdio.h ,此处无法使用 remove 关键词
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void removeItem(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if (bst->root == NULL)
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return;
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
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if (cur->val == num)
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break;
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pre = cur;
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 待删除节点在 root 的右子树中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else {
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// 待删除节点在 root 的左子树中
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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}
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// 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
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if (cur == NULL)
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return;
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// 判断待删除节点是否存在子节点
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if (cur->left == NULL || cur->right == NULL) {
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/* 子节点数量 = 0 or 1 */
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// 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = nullptr / 该子节点
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TreeNode *child = cur->left != NULL ? cur->left : cur->right;
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// 删除节点 cur
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if (pre->left == cur) {
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pre->left = child;
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} else {
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pre->right = child;
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}
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} else {
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/* 子节点数量 = 2 */
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// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
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TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;
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while (tmp->left != NULL) {
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tmp = tmp->left;
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}
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int tmpVal = tmp->val;
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// 递归删除节点 tmp
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removeItem(bst, tmp->val);
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// 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
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cur->val = tmpVal;
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
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int nums[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
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BinarySearchTree *bst = newBinarySearchTree(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int));
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printf("初始化的二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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/* 查找节点 */
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TreeNode *node = search(bst, 7);
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printf("查找到的节点对象的节点值 = %d\n", node->val);
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/* 插入节点 */
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insert(bst, 16);
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printf("插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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/* 删除节点 */
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removeItem(bst, 1);
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printf("删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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removeItem(bst, 2);
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printf("删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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removeItem(bst, 4);
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printf("删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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// 释放内存
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free(bst);
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return 0;
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}
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