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hello-algo/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.py

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"""
File: array.py
Created Time: 2022-11-25
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
"""
import random
def random_access(nums: list[int]) -> int:
"""随机访问元素"""
# 在区间 [0, len(nums)-1] 中随机抽取一个数字
random_index = random.randint(0, len(nums) - 1)
# 获取并返回随机元素
random_num = nums[random_index]
return random_num
# 请注意Python 的 list 是动态数组,可以直接扩展
# 为了方便学习,本函数将 list 看作是长度不可变的数组
def extend(nums: list[int], enlarge: int) -> list[int]:
"""扩展数组长度"""
# 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组
res = [0] * (len(nums) + enlarge)
# 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
for i in range(len(nums)):
res[i] = nums[i]
# 返回扩展后的新数组
return res
def insert(nums: list[int], num: int, index: int):
"""在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num"""
# 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位
for i in range(len(nums) - 1, index, -1):
nums[i] = nums[i - 1]
# 将 num 赋给 index 处元素
nums[index] = num
def remove(nums: list[int], index: int):
"""删除索引 index 处元素"""
# 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
for i in range(index, len(nums) - 1):
nums[i] = nums[i + 1]
def traverse(nums: list[int]):
"""遍历数组"""
count = 0
# 通过索引遍历数组
for i in range(len(nums)):
count += 1
# 直接遍历数组
for num in nums:
count += 1
# 同时遍历数据索引和元素
for i, num in enumerate(nums):
count += 1
def find(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
"""在数组中查找指定元素"""
for i in range(len(nums)):
if nums[i] == target:
return i
return -1
"""Driver Code"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 初始化数组
arr = [0] * 5
print("数组 arr =", arr)
nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
print("数组 nums =", nums)
# 随机访问
random_num: int = random_access(nums)
print("在 nums 中获取随机元素", random_num)
# 长度扩展
nums: list[int] = extend(nums, 3)
print("将数组长度扩展至 8 ,得到 nums =", nums)
# 插入元素
insert(nums, 6, 3)
print("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums =", nums)
# 删除元素
remove(nums, 2)
print("删除索引 2 处的元素,得到 nums =", nums)
# 遍历数组
traverse(nums)
# 查找元素
index: int = find(nums, 3)
print("在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 =", index)