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156 lines
4.7 KiB
156 lines
4.7 KiB
/**
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* File: hash_map_open_addressing.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_hashing
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/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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private var size: Int = 0 // 键值对数量
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private var capacity = 4 // 哈希表容量
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private val loadThres: Double = 2.0 / 3.0 // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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private val extendRatio = 2 // 扩容倍数
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private var buckets: Array<Pair?> // 桶数组
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private val TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, "-1") // 删除标记
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/* 构造方法 */
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init {
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buckets = arrayOfNulls(capacity)
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}
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/* 哈希函数 */
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fun hashFunc(key: Int): Int {
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return key % capacity
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}
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/* 负载因子 */
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fun loadFactor(): Double {
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return (size / capacity).toDouble()
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}
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/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
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fun findBucket(key: Int): Int {
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var index = hashFunc(key)
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var firstTombstone = -1
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// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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while (buckets[index] != null) {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
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if (buckets[index]?.key == key) {
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// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
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if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index]
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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return firstTombstone // 返回移动后的桶索引
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}
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return index // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
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firstTombstone = index
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}
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
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index = (index + 1) % capacity
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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return if (firstTombstone == -1) index else firstTombstone
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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fun get(key: Int): String? {
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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val index = findBucket(key)
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// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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return buckets[index]?.value
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}
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// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
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return null
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}
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/* 添加操作 */
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fun put(key: Int, value: String) {
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// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
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extend()
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}
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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val index = findBucket(key)
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// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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buckets[index]!!.value = value
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return
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}
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// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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buckets[index] = Pair(key, value)
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size++
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}
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/* 删除操作 */
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fun remove(key: Int) {
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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val index = findBucket(key)
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// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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size--
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}
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}
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/* 扩容哈希表 */
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fun extend() {
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// 暂存原哈希表
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val bucketsTmp = buckets
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// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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capacity *= extendRatio
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buckets = arrayOfNulls(capacity)
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size = 0
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// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for (pair in bucketsTmp) {
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if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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put(pair.key, pair.value)
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}
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}
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}
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/* 打印哈希表 */
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fun print() {
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for (pair in buckets) {
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if (pair == null) {
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println("null")
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} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
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println("TOMESTOME")
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} else {
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println("${pair.key} -> ${pair.value}")
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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// 初始化哈希表
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val hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing()
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// 添加操作
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// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
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hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
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hashmap.put(15937, "小啰")
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hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
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hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
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hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭")
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println("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value")
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hashmap.print()
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// 查询操作
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// 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
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val name = hashmap.get(13276)
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println("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 $name")
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// 删除操作
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// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
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hashmap.remove(16750)
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println("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value")
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hashmap.print()
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} |