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hello-algo/codes/ruby/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.rb

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=begin
File: array_queue.rb
Created Time: 2024-04-05
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 基于环形数组实现的队列 ###
class ArrayQueue
### 获取队列的长度 ###
attr_reader :size
### 构造方法 ###
def initialize(size)
@nums = Array.new(size, 0) # 用于存储队列元素的数组
@front = 0 # 队首指针,指向队首元素
@size = 0 # 队列长度
end
### 获取队列的容量 ###
def capacity
@nums.length
end
### 判断队列是否为空 ###
def is_empty?
size.zero?
end
### 入队 ###
def push(num)
raise IndexError, '队列已满' if size == capacity
# 计算队尾指针,指向队尾索引 + 1
# 通过取余操作实现 rear 越过数组尾部后回到头部
rear = (@front + size) % capacity
# 将 num 添加至队尾
@nums[rear] = num
@size += 1
end
### 出队 ###
def pop
num = peek
# 队首指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部,则返回到数组头部
@front = (@front + 1) % capacity
@size -= 1
num
end
### 访问队首元素 ###
def peek
raise IndexError, '队列为空' if is_empty?
@nums[@front]
end
### 返回列表用于打印 ###
def to_array
res = Array.new(size, 0)
j = @front
for i in 0...size
res[i] = @nums[j % capacity]
j += 1
end
res
end
end
### Driver Code ###
# 初始化队列
queue = ArrayQueue.new(10)
# 元素入队
queue.push(1)
queue.push(3)
queue.push(2)
queue.push(5)
queue.push(4)
puts "队列 queue = #{queue.to_array}"
# 访问队首元素
peek = queue.peek
puts "队首元素 peek = #{peek}"
# 元素出队
pop = queue.pop
puts "出队元素 pop = #{pop}"
puts "出队后 queue = #{queue.to_array}"
# 获取队列的长度
size = queue.size
puts "队列长度 size = #{size}"
# 判断队列是否为空
is_empty = queue.is_empty?
puts "队列是否为空 = #{is_empty}"
# 测试环形数组
for i in 0...10
queue.push(i)
queue.pop
puts "#{i} 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = #{queue.to_array}"
end