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170 lines
4.3 KiB
170 lines
4.3 KiB
#include "../include/include.hpp"
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/* 最大堆类 */
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class MaxHeap {
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private:
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// 使用 vector 而非数组,这样无需考虑扩容问题
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vector<int> maxHeap;
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/* 获取左子结点索引 */
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int left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 获取右子结点索引 */
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int right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 获取父结点索引 */
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int parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 交换元素 */
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void swap(int i, int j) {
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int a = maxHeap[i],
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b = maxHeap[j],
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tmp = a;
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maxHeap[i] = b;
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maxHeap[j] = tmp;
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}
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/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
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void siftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 获取结点 i 的父结点
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int p = parent(i);
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// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[i])
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break;
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// 交换两结点
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swap(i, p);
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// 循环向上堆化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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void siftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 ma
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int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = l;
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if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = r;
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// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
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if (ma == i) break;
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// 交换两结点
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swap(i, ma);
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// 循环向下堆化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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public:
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/* 构造函数,建立空堆 */
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MaxHeap() = default;
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/* 构造函数,根据输入列表建堆 */
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MaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {
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// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
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maxHeap = nums;
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// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
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for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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int size() {
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return maxHeap.size();
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}
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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bool isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 访问堆顶元素 */
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int peek() {
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return maxHeap.front();
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}
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/* 元素入堆 */
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void push(int val) {
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// 添加结点
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maxHeap.push_back(val);
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// 从底至顶堆化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* 元素出堆 */
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int poll() {
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// 判空处理
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if (isEmpty())
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throw out_of_range("堆已空\n");
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// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
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swap(0, size() - 1);
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// 删除结点
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int val = maxHeap.back();
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maxHeap.pop_back();
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// 从顶至底堆化
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siftDown(0);
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// 返回堆顶元素
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return val;
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}
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/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
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void print() {
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cout << "堆的数组表示:" << endl;
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PrintUtil::printVector(this->maxHeap);
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cout << "堆的树状表示:" << endl;
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TreeNode *tree = vecToTree(this->maxHeap);
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PrintUtil::printTree(tree);
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freeMemoryTree(tree);
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}
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};
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void testPush(MaxHeap &maxHeap, int val) {
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maxHeap.push(val); // 元素入堆
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cout << "\n添加元素 " << val << " 后" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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}
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void testPoll(MaxHeap &maxHeap) {
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int val = maxHeap.poll(); // 堆顶元素出堆
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cout << "出堆元素为 " << val << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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}
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int main() {
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/* 初始化大顶堆 */
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MaxHeap maxHeap({9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2});
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cout << "\n输入列表并建堆后" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆顶元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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cout << "\n堆顶元素为 " << peek << endl;
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/* 元素入堆 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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cout << "\n元素 " << val << " 入堆后" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
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peek = maxHeap.poll();
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cout << "\n堆顶元素 " << peek << " 出堆后" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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cout << "\n堆元素数量为 " << size << endl;
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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bool isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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cout << "\n堆是否为空 " << isEmpty << endl;
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} |