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hello-algo/codes/csharp/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.cs

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/**
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.cs
* Created Time: 2023-06-26
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
*/
namespace hello_algo.chapter_hashing;
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
private int size; // 键值对数量
private int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
private readonly double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
private readonly int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
private Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组
private readonly Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
/* 构造方法 */
public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
size = 0;
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
}
/* 哈希函数 */
private int HashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
private double LoadFactor() {
return (double)size / capacity;
}
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
private int FindBucket(int key) {
int index = HashFunc(key);
int firstTombstone = -1;
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
while (buckets[index] != null) {
// 若遇到 key ,返回对应桶索引
if (buckets[index].key == key) {
// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
}
return index; // 返回桶索引
}
// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
firstTombstone = index;
}
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
index = (index + 1) % capacity;
}
// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
}
/* 查询操作 */
public string? Get(int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = FindBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
return buckets[index].val;
}
// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
return null;
}
/* 添加操作 */
public void Put(int key, string val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {
Extend();
}
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = FindBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index].val = val;
return;
}
// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
size++;
}
/* 删除操作 */
public void Remove(int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = FindBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
size--;
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
private void Extend() {
// 暂存原哈希表
Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
size = 0;
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
foreach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {
if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
Put(pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
public void Print() {
foreach (Pair pair in buckets) {
if (pair == null) {
Console.WriteLine("null");
} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
Console.WriteLine("TOMBSTONE");
} else {
Console.WriteLine(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
}
}
}
}
public class hash_map_open_addressing {
[Test]
public void Test() {
/* 初始化哈希表 */
HashMapOpenAddressing map = new();
/* 添加操作 */
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
map.Put(12836, "小哈");
map.Put(15937, "小啰");
map.Put(16750, "小算");
map.Put(13276, "小法");
map.Put(10583, "小鸭");
Console.WriteLine("\n添加完成后哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
map.Print();
/* 查询操作 */
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
string? name = map.Get(13276);
Console.WriteLine("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " + name);
/* 删除操作 */
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
map.Remove(16750);
Console.WriteLine("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
map.Print();
}
}