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<h1 id="44">4.4. 小结<a class="headerlink" href="#44" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<ul>
<li>数组和链表是两种基本数据结构,代表了数据在计算机内存中的两种存储方式,即连续空间存储和离散空间存储。两者的优点与缺点呈现出此消彼长的关系。</li>
<li>数组支持随机访问、内存空间占用小;但插入与删除元素效率低,且初始化后长度不可变。</li>
<li>链表可通过更改指针实现高效的结点插入与删除,并且可以灵活地修改长度;但结点访问效率低、占用内存多。常见的链表类型有单向链表、循环链表、双向链表。</li>
<li>列表又称动态数组,是基于数组实现的一种数据结构,其保存了数组的优势,且可以灵活改变长度。列表的出现大大提升了数组的实用性,但副作用是会造成部分内存空间浪费。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="441-vs">4.4.1. 数组 VS 链表<a class="headerlink" href="#441-vs" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p align="center"> Table. 数组与链表特点对比 </p>
<div class="center-table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>数组</th>
<th>链表</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>存储方式</td>
<td>连续内存空间</td>
<td>离散内存空间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>数据结构长度</td>
<td>长度不可变</td>
<td>长度可变</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>内存使用率</td>
<td>占用内存少、缓存局部性好</td>
<td>占用内存多</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>优势操作</td>
<td>随机访问</td>
<td>插入、删除</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>「缓存局部性Cache locality」涉及到了计算机操作系统在本书不做展开介绍建议有兴趣的同学 Google / Baidu 一下。</p>
</div>
<p align="center"> Table. 数组与链表操作时间复杂度 </p>
<div class="center-table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>操作</th>
<th>数组</th>
<th>链表</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>访问元素</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(N)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>添加元素</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(N)\)</span></td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>删除元素</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(N)\)</span></td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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