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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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2.1 算法效率评估
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2.2 迭代与递归
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2.3 时间复杂度
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2.4 空间复杂度
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第 3 章 数据结构
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第 3 章 数据结构
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3.1 数据结构分类
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3.2 基本数据类型
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3.3 数字编码 *
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3.4 字符编码 *
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3.5 小结
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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4.1 数组
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.2 链表
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4.3 列表
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4.4 内存与缓存 *
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.5 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.1 栈
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.2 队列
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.3 双向队列
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 6 章 哈希表
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 6 章 哈希表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.1 哈希表
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.2 哈希冲突
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3 哈希算法
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 7 章 树
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 7 章 树
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.1 二叉树
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.2 二叉树遍历
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.3 二叉树数组表示
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</span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.4 二叉搜索树
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.5 AVL 树 *
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.6 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 8 章 堆
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 8 章 堆
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.1 堆
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.2 建堆操作
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.3 Top-k 问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 9 章 图
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 9 章 图
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.1 图
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.2 图基础操作
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.3 图的遍历
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 10 章 搜索
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
|
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
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第 10 章 搜索
|
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.1 二分查找
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.2 二分查找插入点
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
10.3 二分查找边界
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
10.4 哈希优化策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
10.5 重识搜索算法
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
10.6 小结
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" checked>
|
|
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|
|
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
|
|
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
|
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
第 11 章 排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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|
</a>
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
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|
|
</div>
|
|
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
第 11 章 排序
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
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<a href="../sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.1 排序算法
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.2 选择排序
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.3 冒泡排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.4 插入排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.5 快速排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.6 归并排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
<a href="../heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.7 堆排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.8 桶排序
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.9 计数排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
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|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.10 基数排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
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|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.10 基数排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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目录
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.10.1 算法流程
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</a>
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11.10.2 算法特性
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11.11 小结
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第 12 章 分治
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 12 章 分治
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12.1 分治算法
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12.2 分治搜索策略
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12.3 构建树问题
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.4 汉诺塔问题
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.5 小结
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 13 章 回溯
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 13 章 回溯
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.1 回溯算法
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13.2 全排列问题
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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13.3 子集和问题
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.4 N 皇后问题
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13.5 小结
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 14 章 动态规划
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 14 章 动态规划
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.1 初探动态规划
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.2 DP 问题特性
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.3 DP 解题思路
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.4 0-1 背包问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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14.5 完全背包问题
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第 15 章 贪心
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15.1 贪心算法
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15.2 分数背包问题
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15.3 最大容量问题
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15.4 最大切分乘积问题
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第 16 章 附录
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16.1 编程环境安装
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11.10.1 算法流程
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11.10.2 算法特性
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<h1 id="1110">11.10 基数排序<a class="headerlink" href="#1110" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>上一节介绍了计数排序，它适用于数据量 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 较大但数据范围 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 较小的情况。假设我们需要对 <span class="arithmatex">\(n = 10^6\)</span> 个学号进行排序，而学号是一个 <span class="arithmatex">\(8\)</span> 位数字，这意味着数据范围 <span class="arithmatex">\(m = 10^8\)</span> 非常大，使用计数排序需要分配大量内存空间，而基数排序可以避免这种情况。</p>
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<p>「基数排序 radix sort」的核心思想与计数排序一致，也通过统计个数来实现排序。在此基础上，基数排序利用数字各位之间的递进关系，依次对每一位进行排序，从而得到最终的排序结果。</p>
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<h2 id="11101">11.10.1 算法流程<a class="headerlink" href="#11101" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>以学号数据为例，假设数字的最低位是第 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 位，最高位是第 <span class="arithmatex">\(8\)</span> 位，基数排序的流程如图 11-18 所示。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>初始化位数 <span class="arithmatex">\(k = 1\)</span> 。</li>
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<li>对学号的第 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 位执行“计数排序”。完成后，数据会根据第 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 位从小到大排序。</li>
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<li>将 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 增加 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> ，然后返回步骤 <code>2.</code> 继续迭代，直到所有位都排序完成后结束。</li>
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</ol>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../radix_sort.assets/radix_sort_overview.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="基数排序算法流程" class="animation-figure" src="../radix_sort.assets/radix_sort_overview.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 图 11-18 基数排序算法流程 </p>
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<p>下面剖析代码实现。对于一个 <span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 进制的数字 <span class="arithmatex">\(x\)</span> ，要获取其第 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 位 <span class="arithmatex">\(x_k\)</span> ，可以使用以下计算公式：</p>
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<div class="arithmatex">\[
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x_k = \lfloor\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\rfloor \bmod d
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\]</div>
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<p>其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(\lfloor a \rfloor\)</span> 表示对浮点数 <span class="arithmatex">\(a\)</span> 向下取整，而 <span class="arithmatex">\(\bmod \: d\)</span> 表示对 <span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 取模（取余）。对于学号数据，<span class="arithmatex">\(d = 10\)</span> 且 <span class="arithmatex">\(k \in [1, 8]\)</span> 。</p>
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<p>此外，我们需要小幅改动计数排序代码，使之可以根据数字的第 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 位进行排序：</p>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1)"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">counting_sort_digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序）"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="c1"># 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="c1"># 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="c1"># 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a> <span class="c1"># 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">radix_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""基数排序"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a> <span class="c1"># 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a> <span class="c1"># 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34" href="#__codelineno-0-34"></a> <span class="n">exp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">exp</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a> <span class="c1"># 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37" href="#__codelineno-0-37"></a> <span class="c1"># k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-38" name="__codelineno-0-38" href="#__codelineno-0-38"></a> <span class="c1"># k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-39" name="__codelineno-0-39" href="#__codelineno-0-39"></a> <span class="c1"># 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-40" name="__codelineno-0-40" href="#__codelineno-0-40"></a> <span class="n">counting_sort_digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-41" name="__codelineno-0-41" href="#__codelineno-0-41"></a> <span class="n">exp</span> <span class="o">*=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-34" name="__codelineno-1-34" href="#__codelineno-1-34"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-35" name="__codelineno-1-35" href="#__codelineno-1-35"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-36" name="__codelineno-1-36" href="#__codelineno-1-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-37" name="__codelineno-1-37" href="#__codelineno-1-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">max_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">());</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-38" name="__codelineno-1-38" href="#__codelineno-1-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-39" name="__codelineno-1-39" href="#__codelineno-1-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-40" name="__codelineno-1-40" href="#__codelineno-1-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-41" name="__codelineno-1-41" href="#__codelineno-1-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-42" name="__codelineno-1-42" href="#__codelineno-1-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-43" name="__codelineno-1-43" href="#__codelineno-1-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-44" name="__codelineno-1-44" href="#__codelineno-1-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-45" name="__codelineno-1-45" href="#__codelineno-1-45"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">]++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">]--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-33" name="__codelineno-2-33" href="#__codelineno-2-33"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-35" name="__codelineno-2-35" href="#__codelineno-2-35"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-36" name="__codelineno-2-36" href="#__codelineno-2-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-37" name="__codelineno-2-37" href="#__codelineno-2-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">MIN_VALUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-38" name="__codelineno-2-38" href="#__codelineno-2-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-39" name="__codelineno-2-39" href="#__codelineno-2-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-40" name="__codelineno-2-40" href="#__codelineno-2-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-41" name="__codelineno-2-41" href="#__codelineno-2-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-42" name="__codelineno-2-42" href="#__codelineno-2-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-43" name="__codelineno-2-43" href="#__codelineno-2-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-44" name="__codelineno-2-44" href="#__codelineno-2-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-45" name="__codelineno-2-45" href="#__codelineno-2-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-46" name="__codelineno-2-46" href="#__codelineno-2-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-47" name="__codelineno-2-47" href="#__codelineno-2-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-48" name="__codelineno-2-48" href="#__codelineno-2-48"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">CountingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-32" name="__codelineno-3-32" href="#__codelineno-3-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-33" name="__codelineno-3-33" href="#__codelineno-3-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-34" name="__codelineno-3-34" href="#__codelineno-3-34"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-35" name="__codelineno-3-35" href="#__codelineno-3-35"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-36" name="__codelineno-3-36" href="#__codelineno-3-36"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">RadixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-37" name="__codelineno-3-37" href="#__codelineno-3-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-38" name="__codelineno-3-38" href="#__codelineno-3-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MinValue</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-39" name="__codelineno-3-39" href="#__codelineno-3-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-40" name="__codelineno-3-40" href="#__codelineno-3-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-41" name="__codelineno-3-41" href="#__codelineno-3-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-42" name="__codelineno-3-42" href="#__codelineno-3-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-43" name="__codelineno-3-43" href="#__codelineno-3-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-44" name="__codelineno-3-44" href="#__codelineno-3-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-45" name="__codelineno-3-45" href="#__codelineno-3-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-46" name="__codelineno-3-46" href="#__codelineno-3-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-47" name="__codelineno-3-47" href="#__codelineno-3-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-48" name="__codelineno-3-48" href="#__codelineno-3-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CountingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-49" name="__codelineno-3-49" href="#__codelineno-3-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-50" name="__codelineno-3-50" href="#__codelineno-3-50"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">MinInt</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-40" name="__codelineno-4-40" href="#__codelineno-4-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-41" name="__codelineno-4-41" href="#__codelineno-4-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-42" name="__codelineno-4-42" href="#__codelineno-4-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-43" name="__codelineno-4-43" href="#__codelineno-4-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-44" name="__codelineno-4-44" href="#__codelineno-4-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-45" name="__codelineno-4-45" href="#__codelineno-4-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-46" name="__codelineno-4-46" href="#__codelineno-4-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-47" name="__codelineno-4-47" href="#__codelineno-4-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-48" name="__codelineno-4-48" href="#__codelineno-4-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-49" name="__codelineno-4-49" href="#__codelineno-4-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-50" name="__codelineno-4-50" href="#__codelineno-4-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-51" name="__codelineno-4-51" href="#__codelineno-4-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-52" name="__codelineno-4-52" href="#__codelineno-4-52"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a> <span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">counter</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">n</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a> <span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">d</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a> <span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">..</span><span class="o"><</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a> <span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="bp">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">through</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">d</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">j</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a> <span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-30" name="__codelineno-5-30" href="#__codelineno-5-30"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-31" name="__codelineno-5-31" href="#__codelineno-5-31"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-32" name="__codelineno-5-32" href="#__codelineno-5-32"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-33" name="__codelineno-5-33" href="#__codelineno-5-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-34" name="__codelineno-5-34" href="#__codelineno-5-34"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-35" name="__codelineno-5-35" href="#__codelineno-5-35"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-36" name="__codelineno-5-36" href="#__codelineno-5-36"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-37" name="__codelineno-5-37" href="#__codelineno-5-37"></a> <span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-38" name="__codelineno-5-38" href="#__codelineno-5-38"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">m</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">min</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-39" name="__codelineno-5-39" href="#__codelineno-5-39"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-40" name="__codelineno-5-40" href="#__codelineno-5-40"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-41" name="__codelineno-5-41" href="#__codelineno-5-41"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-42" name="__codelineno-5-42" href="#__codelineno-5-42"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-43" name="__codelineno-5-43" href="#__codelineno-5-43"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-44" name="__codelineno-5-44" href="#__codelineno-5-44"></a> <span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-45" name="__codelineno-5-45" href="#__codelineno-5-45"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">exp</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">sequence</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">first</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">next</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">?</span> <span class="nv">$0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-46" name="__codelineno-5-46" href="#__codelineno-5-46"></a> <span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-47" name="__codelineno-5-47" href="#__codelineno-5-47"></a> <span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-48" name="__codelineno-5-48" href="#__codelineno-5-48"></a> <span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-49" name="__codelineno-5-49" href="#__codelineno-5-49"></a> <span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-50" name="__codelineno-5-50" href="#__codelineno-5-50"></a> <span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-51" name="__codelineno-5-51" href="#__codelineno-5-51"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-52" name="__codelineno-5-52" href="#__codelineno-5-52"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-29" name="__codelineno-6-29" href="#__codelineno-6-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-30" name="__codelineno-6-30" href="#__codelineno-6-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-31" name="__codelineno-6-31" href="#__codelineno-6-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-32" name="__codelineno-6-32" href="#__codelineno-6-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-33" name="__codelineno-6-33" href="#__codelineno-6-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-34" name="__codelineno-6-34" href="#__codelineno-6-34"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-35" name="__codelineno-6-35" href="#__codelineno-6-35"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-36" name="__codelineno-6-36" href="#__codelineno-6-36"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-37" name="__codelineno-6-37" href="#__codelineno-6-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-38" name="__codelineno-6-38" href="#__codelineno-6-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Number</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">MIN_VALUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-39" name="__codelineno-6-39" href="#__codelineno-6-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-40" name="__codelineno-6-40" href="#__codelineno-6-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-41" name="__codelineno-6-41" href="#__codelineno-6-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-42" name="__codelineno-6-42" href="#__codelineno-6-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-43" name="__codelineno-6-43" href="#__codelineno-6-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-44" name="__codelineno-6-44" href="#__codelineno-6-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-45" name="__codelineno-6-45" href="#__codelineno-6-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-46" name="__codelineno-6-46" href="#__codelineno-6-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-47" name="__codelineno-6-47" href="#__codelineno-6-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-48" name="__codelineno-6-48" href="#__codelineno-6-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-49" name="__codelineno-6-49" href="#__codelineno-6-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-50" name="__codelineno-6-50" href="#__codelineno-6-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-51" name="__codelineno-6-51" href="#__codelineno-6-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-52" name="__codelineno-6-52" href="#__codelineno-6-52"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-34" name="__codelineno-7-34" href="#__codelineno-7-34"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-35" name="__codelineno-7-35" href="#__codelineno-7-35"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-36" name="__codelineno-7-36" href="#__codelineno-7-36"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-37" name="__codelineno-7-37" href="#__codelineno-7-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-38" name="__codelineno-7-38" href="#__codelineno-7-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Number</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">MIN_VALUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-39" name="__codelineno-7-39" href="#__codelineno-7-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-40" name="__codelineno-7-40" href="#__codelineno-7-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-41" name="__codelineno-7-41" href="#__codelineno-7-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-42" name="__codelineno-7-42" href="#__codelineno-7-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-43" name="__codelineno-7-43" href="#__codelineno-7-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-44" name="__codelineno-7-44" href="#__codelineno-7-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-45" name="__codelineno-7-45" href="#__codelineno-7-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-46" name="__codelineno-7-46" href="#__codelineno-7-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-47" name="__codelineno-7-47" href="#__codelineno-7-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-48" name="__codelineno-7-48" href="#__codelineno-7-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-49" name="__codelineno-7-49" href="#__codelineno-7-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-50" name="__codelineno-7-50" href="#__codelineno-7-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-51" name="__codelineno-7-51" href="#__codelineno-7-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-52" name="__codelineno-7-52" href="#__codelineno-7-52"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 _num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-36" name="__codelineno-8-36" href="#__codelineno-8-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// dart 中 int 的长度是 64 位的</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-37" name="__codelineno-8-37" href="#__codelineno-8-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">63</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-38" name="__codelineno-8-38" href="#__codelineno-8-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-39" name="__codelineno-8-39" href="#__codelineno-8-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-40" name="__codelineno-8-40" href="#__codelineno-8-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-41" name="__codelineno-8-41" href="#__codelineno-8-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-42" name="__codelineno-8-42" href="#__codelineno-8-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-43" name="__codelineno-8-43" href="#__codelineno-8-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-44" name="__codelineno-8-44" href="#__codelineno-8-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-45" name="__codelineno-8-45" href="#__codelineno-8-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-46" name="__codelineno-8-46" href="#__codelineno-8-46"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">usize</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">counting_sort_digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">rev</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">radix_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">into_iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-40" name="__codelineno-9-40" href="#__codelineno-9-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-41" name="__codelineno-9-41" href="#__codelineno-9-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counting_sort_digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-43" name="__codelineno-9-43" href="#__codelineno-9-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-44" name="__codelineno-9-44" href="#__codelineno-9-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-45" name="__codelineno-9-45" href="#__codelineno-9-45"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-30" name="__codelineno-10-30" href="#__codelineno-10-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-31" name="__codelineno-10-31" href="#__codelineno-10-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-32" name="__codelineno-10-32" href="#__codelineno-10-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-33" name="__codelineno-10-33" href="#__codelineno-10-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-34" name="__codelineno-10-34" href="#__codelineno-10-34"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-35" name="__codelineno-10-35" href="#__codelineno-10-35"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-36" name="__codelineno-10-36" href="#__codelineno-10-36"></a><span class="cm">/* 基数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-37" name="__codelineno-10-37" href="#__codelineno-10-37"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-38" name="__codelineno-10-38" href="#__codelineno-10-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-39" name="__codelineno-10-39" href="#__codelineno-10-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT32_MIN</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-40" name="__codelineno-10-40" href="#__codelineno-10-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-41" name="__codelineno-10-41" href="#__codelineno-10-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-42" name="__codelineno-10-42" href="#__codelineno-10-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-43" name="__codelineno-10-43" href="#__codelineno-10-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-44" name="__codelineno-10-44" href="#__codelineno-10-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-45" name="__codelineno-10-45" href="#__codelineno-10-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-46" name="__codelineno-10-46" href="#__codelineno-10-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-47" name="__codelineno-10-47" href="#__codelineno-10-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-48" name="__codelineno-10-48" href="#__codelineno-10-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-49" name="__codelineno-10-49" href="#__codelineno-10-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-50" name="__codelineno-10-50" href="#__codelineno-10-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-51" name="__codelineno-10-51" href="#__codelineno-10-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-52" name="__codelineno-10-52" href="#__codelineno-10-52"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="c1">// 获取元素 num 的第 k 位，其中 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 传入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@mod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">@divFloor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="c1">// 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序）</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ArenaAllocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">page_allocator</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// defer mem_arena.deinit();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@bitCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 求前缀和，将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@bitCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-36" name="__codelineno-11-36" href="#__codelineno-11-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-37" name="__codelineno-11-37" href="#__codelineno-11-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-38" name="__codelineno-11-38" href="#__codelineno-11-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-39" name="__codelineno-11-39" href="#__codelineno-11-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-40" name="__codelineno-11-40" href="#__codelineno-11-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-41" name="__codelineno-11-41" href="#__codelineno-11-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-42" name="__codelineno-11-42" href="#__codelineno-11-42"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-43" name="__codelineno-11-43" href="#__codelineno-11-43"></a><span class="c1">// 基数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-44" name="__codelineno-11-44" href="#__codelineno-11-44"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">radixSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-45" name="__codelineno-11-45" href="#__codelineno-11-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 获取数组的最大元素，用于判断最大位数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-46" name="__codelineno-11-46" href="#__codelineno-11-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">minInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-47" name="__codelineno-11-47" href="#__codelineno-11-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-48" name="__codelineno-11-48" href="#__codelineno-11-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-49" name="__codelineno-11-49" href="#__codelineno-11-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-50" name="__codelineno-11-50" href="#__codelineno-11-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-51" name="__codelineno-11-51" href="#__codelineno-11-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-52" name="__codelineno-11-52" href="#__codelineno-11-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-53" name="__codelineno-11-53" href="#__codelineno-11-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-54" name="__codelineno-11-54" href="#__codelineno-11-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 1 -> exp = 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-55" name="__codelineno-11-55" href="#__codelineno-11-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// k = 2 -> exp = 10</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-56" name="__codelineno-11-56" href="#__codelineno-11-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-57" name="__codelineno-11-57" href="#__codelineno-11-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-58" name="__codelineno-11-58" href="#__codelineno-11-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-59" name="__codelineno-11-59" href="#__codelineno-11-59"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<details class="pythontutor">
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<summary>可视化运行</summary>
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</details>
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<div class="admonition question">
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<p class="admonition-title">为什么从最低位开始排序？</p>
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<p>在连续的排序轮次中，后一轮排序会覆盖前一轮排序的结果。举例来说，如果第一轮排序结果 <span class="arithmatex">\(a < b\)</span> ，而第二轮排序结果 <span class="arithmatex">\(a > b\)</span> ，那么第二轮的结果将取代第一轮的结果。由于数字的高位优先级高于低位，因此应该先排序低位再排序高位。</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="11102">11.10.2 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#11102" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>相较于计数排序，基数排序适用于数值范围较大的情况，<strong>但前提是数据必须可以表示为固定位数的格式，且位数不能过大</strong>。例如，浮点数不适合使用基数排序，因为其位数 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 过大，可能导致时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk) \gg O(n^2)\)</span> 。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk)\)</span></strong>：设数据量为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>、数据为 <span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 进制、最大位数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> ，则对某一位执行计数排序使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + d)\)</span> 时间，排序所有 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 位使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O((n + d)k)\)</span> 时间。通常情况下，<span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 都相对较小，时间复杂度趋向 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</li>
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<li><strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + d)\)</span>、非原地排序</strong>：与计数排序相同，基数排序需要借助长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 的数组 <code>res</code> 和 <code>counter</code> 。</li>
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<li><strong>稳定排序</strong>：当计数排序稳定时，基数排序也稳定；当计数排序不稳定时，基数排序无法保证得到正确的排序结果。</li>
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</ul>
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