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159 lines
4.0 KiB
159 lines
4.0 KiB
/**
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* File: my_heap.js
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* Created Time: 2023-02-06
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* Author: what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
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*/
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const { printHeap } = require('../modules/PrintUtil');
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/* 最大堆積類別 */
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class MaxHeap {
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#maxHeap;
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/* 建構子,建立空堆積或根據輸入串列建堆積 */
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constructor(nums) {
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// 將串列元素原封不動新增進堆積
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this.#maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];
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// 堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
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for (let i = this.#parent(this.size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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this.#siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 獲取左子節點的索引 */
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#left(i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 獲取右子節點的索引 */
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#right(i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 獲取父節點的索引 */
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#parent(i) {
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return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // 向下整除
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}
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/* 交換元素 */
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#swap(i, j) {
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const tmp = this.#maxHeap[i];
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this.#maxHeap[i] = this.#maxHeap[j];
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this.#maxHeap[j] = tmp;
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}
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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size() {
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return this.#maxHeap.length;
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}
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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isEmpty() {
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return this.size() === 0;
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}
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/* 訪問堆積頂元素 */
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peek() {
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return this.#maxHeap[0];
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}
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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push(val) {
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// 新增節點
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this.#maxHeap.push(val);
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// 從底至頂堆積化
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this.#siftUp(this.size() - 1);
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從底至頂堆積化 */
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#siftUp(i) {
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while (true) {
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// 獲取節點 i 的父節點
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const p = this.#parent(i);
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// 當“越過根節點”或“節點無須修復”時,結束堆積化
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if (p < 0 || this.#maxHeap[i] <= this.#maxHeap[p]) break;
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// 交換兩節點
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this.#swap(i, p);
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// 迴圈向上堆積化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆積 */
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pop() {
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// 判空處理
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if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('堆積為空');
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// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
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this.#swap(0, this.size() - 1);
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// 刪除節點
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const val = this.#maxHeap.pop();
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// 從頂至底堆積化
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this.#siftDown(0);
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// 返回堆積頂元素
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return val;
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化 */
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#siftDown(i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
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const l = this.#left(i),
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r = this.#right(i);
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let ma = i;
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if (l < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[l] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;
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if (r < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[r] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;
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// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
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if (ma === i) break;
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// 交換兩節點
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this.#swap(i, ma);
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// 迴圈向下堆積化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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/* 列印堆積(二元樹) */
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print() {
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printHeap(this.#maxHeap);
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}
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/* 取出堆積中元素 */
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getMaxHeap() {
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return this.#maxHeap;
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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if (require.main === module) {
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/* 初始化大頂堆積 */
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const maxHeap = new MaxHeap([9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2]);
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console.log('\n輸入串列並建堆積後');
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積頂元素 */
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let peek = maxHeap.peek();
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console.log(`\n堆積頂元素為 ${peek}`);
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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let val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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console.log(`\n元素 ${val} 入堆積後`);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆積頂元素出堆積 */
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peek = maxHeap.pop();
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console.log(`\n堆積頂元素 ${peek} 出堆積後`);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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let size = maxHeap.size();
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console.log(`\n堆積元素數量為 ${size}`);
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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let isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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console.log(`\n堆積是否為空 ${isEmpty}`);
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}
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module.exports = {
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MaxHeap,
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};
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