You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
132 lines
3.5 KiB
132 lines
3.5 KiB
/**
|
|
* File: min_path_sum.kt
|
|
* Created Time: 2024-01-25
|
|
* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
package chapter_dynamic_programming
|
|
|
|
import kotlin.math.min
|
|
|
|
/* 最小路徑和:暴力搜尋 */
|
|
fun minPathSumDFS(grid: Array<IntArray>, i: Int, j: Int): Int {
|
|
// 若為左上角單元格,則終止搜尋
|
|
if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
|
|
return grid[0][0]
|
|
}
|
|
// 若行列索引越界,則返回 +∞ 代價
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
|
|
return Int.MAX_VALUE
|
|
}
|
|
// 計算從左上角到 (i-1, j) 和 (i, j-1) 的最小路徑代價
|
|
val up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j)
|
|
val left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1)
|
|
// 返回從左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路徑代價
|
|
return min(left, up) + grid[i][j]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 最小路徑和:記憶化搜尋 */
|
|
fun minPathSumDFSMem(
|
|
grid: Array<IntArray>,
|
|
mem: Array<IntArray>,
|
|
i: Int,
|
|
j: Int
|
|
): Int {
|
|
// 若為左上角單元格,則終止搜尋
|
|
if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
|
|
return grid[0][0]
|
|
}
|
|
// 若行列索引越界,則返回 +∞ 代價
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
|
|
return Int.MAX_VALUE
|
|
}
|
|
// 若已有記錄,則直接返回
|
|
if (mem[i][j] != -1) {
|
|
return mem[i][j]
|
|
}
|
|
// 左邊和上邊單元格的最小路徑代價
|
|
val up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j)
|
|
val left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1)
|
|
// 記錄並返回左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路徑代價
|
|
mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]
|
|
return mem[i][j]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 最小路徑和:動態規劃 */
|
|
fun minPathSumDP(grid: Array<IntArray>): Int {
|
|
val n = grid.size
|
|
val m = grid[0].size
|
|
// 初始化 dp 表
|
|
val dp = Array(n) { IntArray(m) }
|
|
dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]
|
|
// 狀態轉移:首行
|
|
for (j in 1..<m) {
|
|
dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]
|
|
}
|
|
// 狀態轉移:首列
|
|
for (i in 1..<n) {
|
|
dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]
|
|
}
|
|
// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
|
|
for (i in 1..<n) {
|
|
for (j in 1..<m) {
|
|
dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return dp[n - 1][m - 1]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 最小路徑和:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
|
|
fun minPathSumDPComp(grid: Array<IntArray>): Int {
|
|
val n = grid.size
|
|
val m = grid[0].size
|
|
// 初始化 dp 表
|
|
val dp = IntArray(m)
|
|
// 狀態轉移:首行
|
|
dp[0] = grid[0][0]
|
|
for (j in 1..<m) {
|
|
dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]
|
|
}
|
|
// 狀態轉移:其餘行
|
|
for (i in 1..<n) {
|
|
// 狀態轉移:首列
|
|
dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]
|
|
// 狀態轉移:其餘列
|
|
for (j in 1..<m) {
|
|
dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return dp[m - 1]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
fun main() {
|
|
val grid = arrayOf(
|
|
intArrayOf(1, 3, 1, 5),
|
|
intArrayOf(2, 2, 4, 2),
|
|
intArrayOf(5, 3, 2, 1),
|
|
intArrayOf(4, 3, 5, 2)
|
|
)
|
|
val n = grid.size
|
|
val m = grid[0].size
|
|
|
|
// 暴力搜尋
|
|
var res = minPathSumDFS(grid, n - 1, m - 1)
|
|
println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
|
|
|
|
// 記憶化搜尋
|
|
val mem = Array(n) { IntArray(m) }
|
|
for (row in mem) {
|
|
row.fill(-1)
|
|
}
|
|
res = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, n - 1, m - 1)
|
|
println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
|
|
|
|
// 動態規劃
|
|
res = minPathSumDP(grid)
|
|
println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
|
|
|
|
// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
|
|
res = minPathSumDPComp(grid)
|
|
println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
|
|
} |