You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
158 lines
4.3 KiB
158 lines
4.3 KiB
/**
|
|
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.dart
|
|
* Created Time: 2023-06-25
|
|
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
import 'array_hash_map.dart';
|
|
|
|
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
|
|
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
|
|
late int _size; // 键值对数量
|
|
int _capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
|
|
double _loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
|
|
int _extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
|
|
late List<Pair?> _buckets; // 桶数组
|
|
Pair _TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
HashMapOpenAddressing() {
|
|
_size = 0;
|
|
_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 哈希函数 */
|
|
int hashFunc(int key) {
|
|
return key % _capacity;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 负载因子 */
|
|
double loadFactor() {
|
|
return _size / _capacity;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
|
|
int findBucket(int key) {
|
|
int index = hashFunc(key);
|
|
int firstTombstone = -1;
|
|
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
|
|
while (_buckets[index] != null) {
|
|
// 若遇到 key ,返回对应桶索引
|
|
if (_buckets[index]!.key == key) {
|
|
// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引
|
|
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
|
|
_buckets[firstTombstone] = _buckets[index];
|
|
_buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;
|
|
return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
|
|
}
|
|
return index; // 返回桶索引
|
|
}
|
|
// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
|
|
if (firstTombstone == -1 && _buckets[index] == _TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
firstTombstone = index;
|
|
}
|
|
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
|
|
index = (index + 1) % _capacity;
|
|
}
|
|
// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
|
|
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 查询操作 */
|
|
String? get(int key) {
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
int index = findBucket(key);
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
|
|
if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
return _buckets[index]!.val;
|
|
}
|
|
// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
|
|
return null;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 添加操作 */
|
|
void put(int key, String val) {
|
|
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
|
|
if (loadFactor() > _loadThres) {
|
|
extend();
|
|
}
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
int index = findBucket(key);
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
|
|
if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
_buckets[index]!.val = val;
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
|
|
_buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
|
|
_size++;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 删除操作 */
|
|
void remove(int key) {
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
int index = findBucket(key);
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
|
|
if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
_buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;
|
|
_size--;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 扩容哈希表 */
|
|
void extend() {
|
|
// 暂存原哈希表
|
|
List<Pair?> bucketsTmp = _buckets;
|
|
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
|
|
_capacity *= _extendRatio;
|
|
_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);
|
|
_size = 0;
|
|
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
|
|
for (Pair? pair in bucketsTmp) {
|
|
if (pair != null && pair != _TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
put(pair.key, pair.val);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 打印哈希表 */
|
|
void printHashMap() {
|
|
for (Pair? pair in _buckets) {
|
|
if (pair == null) {
|
|
print("null");
|
|
} else if (pair == _TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
print("TOMBSTONE");
|
|
} else {
|
|
print("${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
void main() {
|
|
/* 初始化哈希表 */
|
|
HashMapOpenAddressing map = HashMapOpenAddressing();
|
|
|
|
/* 添加操作 */
|
|
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
|
|
map.put(12836, "小哈");
|
|
map.put(15937, "小啰");
|
|
map.put(16750, "小算");
|
|
map.put(13276, "小法");
|
|
map.put(10583, "小鸭");
|
|
print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
|
map.printHashMap();
|
|
|
|
/* 查询操作 */
|
|
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
|
|
String? name = map.get(13276);
|
|
print("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 $name");
|
|
|
|
/* 删除操作 */
|
|
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
|
|
map.remove(16750);
|
|
print("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
|
map.printHashMap();
|
|
}
|